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#break
  3.2.2.6.3 The #switch, #case, #range and #break Directives
#case
  3.2.2.6.3 The #switch, #case, #range and #break Directives
#debug
  3.2.2.7.1 Text Message Streams
#declare
  3.2.2.2.1 Declaring identifiers
#default
  3.2.2.4 The #default Directive
#else
  3.2.2.6.1 The #if...#else...#end Directives
#end
  3.2.2.6.1 The #if...#else...#end Directives
#error
  3.2.2.7.1 Text Message Streams
#fclose
  3.2.2.3.2 The #fclose Directive
#fopen
  3.2.2.3.1 The #fopen Directive
#if
  3.2.2.6.1 The #if...#else...#end Directives
#ifdef
  3.2.2.6.2 The #ifdef and #ifndef Directives
#ifndef
  3.2.2.6.2 The #ifdef and #ifndef Directives
#include
  3.2.2.1 Include Files and the #include Directive
#local
  3.2.2.2 The #declare and #local Directives
#macro
  3.2.2.8 User Defined Macros
#range
  3.2.2.6.3 The #switch, #case, #range and #break Directives
#read
  3.2.2.3.3 The #read Directive
#render
  3.2.2.7.1 Text Message Streams
#statistics
  3.2.2.7.1 Text Message Streams
#switch
  3.2.2.6.3 The #switch, #case, #range and #break Directives
#undef
  3.2.2.2.4 Destroying Identifiers with #undef
#version
  3.2.2.5 The #version Directive
#warning
  3.2.2.7.1 Text Message Streams
#while
  3.2.2.6.4 The #while...#end Directive
#write
  3.2.2.3.4 The #write Directive
+a
  3.1.2.8.4 Anti-Aliasing Options
+am
  3.1.2.8.4 Anti-Aliasing Options
+b
  3.1.2.4.3 Output File Buffer
+c
  3.1.2.2.4 Resuming Options
+d
  3.1.2.3.1 Display Hardware Settings
+ec
  3.1.2.2.2 Partial Output Options
+ef
  3.1.2.1.3 Subsets of Animation Frames
+ep
  3.1.2.3.4 Mosaic Preview
+er
  3.1.2.2.2 Partial Output Options
+f
  3.1.2.4.1 Output File Type
+fc
  3.1.2.4.1 Output File Type
+fn
  3.1.2.4.1 Output File Type
+fp
  3.1.2.4.1 Output File Type
+fs
  3.1.2.4.1 Output File Type
+ft
  3.1.2.4.1 Output File Type
+ga
  3.1.2.7.2 Console Text Output
+gd
  3.1.2.7.2 Console Text Output
+gf
  3.1.2.7.2 Console Text Output
+gi
  3.1.2.2.4 Resuming Options
+gr
  3.1.2.7.2 Console Text Output
+gs
  3.1.2.7.2 Console Text Output
+gw
  3.1.2.7.2 Console Text Output
+h
  3.1.2.2.1 Height and Width of Output
+hi
  3.1.2.5.3 Include File Name
+hn
  3.1.2.4.6 File Name
+hs
  3.1.2.4.7 Grid Size
+ht
  3.1.2.4.5 File Type
+htc
  3.1.2.4.5 File Type
+htn
  3.1.2.4.5 File Type
+htp
  3.1.2.4.5 File Type
+hts
  3.1.2.4.5 File Type
+htt
  3.1.2.4.5 File Type
+htx
  3.1.2.4.5 File Type
+i
  3.1.2.5.2 Input File Name
+j
  3.1.2.8.4 Anti-Aliasing Options
+k
  3.1.2.1.1 External Animation Loop
+kc
  3.1.2.1.4 Cyclic Animation
+kff
  3.1.2.1.2 Internal Animation Loop
+kfi
  3.1.2.1.2 Internal Animation Loop
+ki
  3.1.2.1.2 Internal Animation Loop
+l
  3.1.2.5.4 Library Paths
+mb
  3.1.2.8.2 Automatic Bounding Control
+mv
  3.1.2.5.5 Language Version
+o
  3.1.2.4.2 Output File Name
+p
  3.1.2.3.3 Display Related Settings
+q
  3.1.2.8.1 Quality Settings
+r
  3.1.2.8.4 Anti-Aliasing Options
+sc
  3.1.2.2.2 Partial Output Options
+sf
  3.1.2.1.3 Subsets of Animation Frames
+sp
  3.1.2.3.4 Mosaic Preview
+sr
  3.1.2.2.2 Partial Output Options
+su
  3.1.2.8.3 Removing User Bounding
+ua
  3.1.2.4.1 Output File Type
+ud
  3.1.2.3.3 Display Related Settings
+uf
  3.1.2.1.5 Field Rendering
+ul
  3.1.2.8.2 Automatic Bounding Control
+uo
  3.1.2.1.5 Field Rendering
+ur
  3.1.2.8.3 Removing User Bounding
+uv
  3.1.2.8.2 Automatic Bounding Control
+v
  3.1.2.3.3 Display Related Settings
+w
  3.1.2.2.1 Height and Width of Output
+wl
  3.1.2.7.4 Warning Level
+x
  3.1.2.2.3 Interrupting Options
-a
  3.1.2.8.4 Anti-Aliasing Options
-b
  3.1.2.4.3 Output File Buffer
-c
  3.1.2.2.4 Resuming Options
-d
  3.1.2.3.1 Display Hardware Settings
-f
  3.1.2.4.1 Output File Type
-ga
  3.1.2.7.2 Console Text Output
-gd
  3.1.2.7.2 Console Text Output
-gf
  3.1.2.7.2 Console Text Output
-gr
  3.1.2.7.2 Console Text Output
-gs
  3.1.2.7.2 Console Text Output
-gw
  3.1.2.7.2 Console Text Output
-h
  3.1.2.7.5 Help Screen Switches
-j
  3.1.2.8.4 Anti-Aliasing Options
-kc
  3.1.2.1.4 Cyclic Animation
-mb
  3.1.2.8.2 Automatic Bounding Control
-p
  3.1.2.3.3 Display Related Settings
-su
  3.1.2.8.3 Removing User Bounding
-ua
  3.1.2.4.1 Output File Type
-ud
  3.1.2.3.3 Display Related Settings
-uf
  3.1.2.1.5 Field Rendering
-ul
  3.1.2.8.2 Automatic Bounding Control
-uo
  3.1.2.1.5 Field Rendering
-ur
  3.1.2.8.3 Removing User Bounding
-uv
  3.1.2.8.2 Automatic Bounding Control
-v
  3.1.2.3.3 Display Related Settings
-x
  3.1.2.2.3 Interrupting Options
aa_level
  3.6.2.2 Sampling Parameters & Methods
  - media
      3.6.2 Media
aa_threshold
  3.6.2.2 Sampling Parameters & Methods
  - media
      3.6.2 Media
abs
  3.2.1.3.4 Functions
absorption
  3.6.2.1.3 Scattering
  - media
      3.6.2 Media
accuracy
  3.4.4 Isosurface Object
  - isosurface
      3.4.4 Isosurface Object
    normal
      3.5.2 Normal
    normals
      3.5.2.1.1 Normals, Accuracy
    parametric
      3.4.5 Parametric Object
acos
  3.2.1.3.4 Functions
  - julia
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
    julia_fractal
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
acosd
  3.7.9.1 Float functions and macros
acosh
  3.2.1.3.4 Functions
  - julia
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
    julia_fractal
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
adaptive
  3.4.7.5 Area Lights
  - light_source
      3.4.7 Light Sources
adc_bailout
  3.3.3.1 ADC_Bailout
  - global_settings
      3.3.3 Global Settings
      3.3.3.1 ADC_Bailout
    photons
      3.6.3.2.1 Photon Global Settings
    radiosity
      3.3.4.2.1 radiosity adc_bailout
adj_range
  3.7.9.1 Float functions and macros
adj_range2
  3.7.9.1 Float functions and macros
agate
  3.5.11.1 Agate
  - keyword
      3.5.11.1 Agate
    pattern
      3.5.11.1 Agate
agate_turb
  3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
  - agate
      3.5.11.1 Agate
    pattern modifier
      3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
Align_Object
  3.7.12.1 shapes.inc
Align_Trans
  3.7.18 transforms.inc
all
  3.5.1.5.2 The Filter and Transmit Bitmap Modifiers
All_Console
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.7.2 Console Text Output
All_File
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.7.3 Directing Text Streams to Files
all_intersections
  3.4.4 Isosurface Object
  - isosurface
      3.4.4 Isosurface Object
alpha
  3.5.1.5.2 The Filter and Transmit Bitmap Modifiers
altitude
  3.5.11.30 Slope
  - slope
      3.5.11.30 Slope
always_sample
  3.3.4.2.2 always_sample
Ambient
  3.5.3 Finish
  - finish
      3.5.3 Finish
    using
      2.3.4.3.1 Using Ambient
ambient_light
  3.3.3.2 Ambient_Light
  - global_settings
      3.3.3 Global Settings
      3.3.3.2 Ambient_Light
    tutorial
      2.2.4.5 The Ambient Light Source
angle
  3.3.1.1.3 Angles
  - camera
      3.3.1 Camera
      3.3.1.1.3 Angles
    rainbow
      3.3.2.5 Rainbow
Animation
  - clock variable
      2.3.8.1 The Clock Variable: Key To It All
    cyclic
      3.1.2.1.4 Cyclic Animation
    external loop
      3.1.2.1.1 External Animation Loop
    field rendering
      3.1.2.1.5 Field Rendering
    INI file settings for
      2.3.8.5 INI File Settings
    internal loop
      3.1.2.1.2 Internal Animation Loop
    multi-stage
      2.3.8.2 Clock Dependant Variables And Multi-Stage Animations
    not using jitter or crand with
      2.3.8.4 Do Not Use Jitter Or Crand
    options
      3.1.2.1 Animation Options
    subsets of frames
      3.1.2.1.3 Subsets of Animation Frames
Antialias
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.8.4 Anti-Aliasing Options
Antialias_Depth
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.8.4 Anti-Aliasing Options
Antialias_Threshold
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.8.4 Anti-Aliasing Options
aperture
  3.3.1.3 Focal Blur
  - camera
      3.3.1 Camera
append
  3.2.2.3.1 The #fopen Directive
arc_angle
  3.3.2.5 Rainbow
  - rainbow
      3.3.2.5 Rainbow
Area Light Source
  - the
      2.2.4.4 The Area Light Source
area_light
  3.4.7.5 Area Lights
  - light_source
      3.4.7 Light Sources
      3.4.7.5 Area Lights
Array
  3.2.1.8 Array Identifiers
  - declaring
      3.2.1.8.1 Declaring Arrays
    identifiers
      3.2.1.8 Array Identifiers
    initialization
      3.2.1.8.2 Array Initializers
    quickref
      3.8.3.6 Arrays
arrays
  - quickref
      3.8.3.6 Arrays
asc
  3.2.1.3.4 Functions
ascii
  3.3.3.6 Charset
  - global_settings
      3.3.3 Global Settings
asin
  3.2.1.3.4 Functions
  - julia
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
    julia_fractal
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
asind
  3.7.9.1 Float functions and macros
asinh
  3.2.1.3.4 Functions
  - julia
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
    julia_fractal
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
assumed_gamma
  3.3.3.3 Assumed_Gamma
  - global_settings
      3.3.3 Global Settings
      3.3.3.3 Assumed_Gamma
atan
  3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
  - julia_fractal
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
atan2
  3.2.1.3.4 Functions
atan2d
  3.7.9.1 Float functions and macros
atanh
  3.2.1.3.4 Functions
  - julia
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
    julia_fractal
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
atmosphere
  3.6.2 Media
Atmospheric Effects
  - quickref
      3.8.12 Atmospheric Effects
    using
      2.3.5 Using Atmospheric Effects
autostop
  3.6.3.2.1 Photon Global Settings
average
  3.5.11.2 Average
  - keyword
      3.5.11.2 Average
    pattern
      3.5.11.2 Average
    tutorial
      2.3.4.9 Average Function
Axial_Scale_Trans
  3.7.18 transforms.inc
Axis_Rotate_Trans
  3.7.18 transforms.inc
b_spline
  3.4.1.10 Sphere Sweep
  - sphere_sweep
      3.4.1.10 Sphere Sweep
Background
  3.3.2.2 Background
  - keyword
      3.3.2.2 Background
    quickref
      3.8.12.1 Background
    tutorial
      2.3.5.1 The Background
Bevelled_Text
  3.7.12.1 shapes.inc
bezier
  3.4.2.1 Bicubic Patch
Bezier Patch
  3.4.2.1 Bicubic Patch
bezier_spline
  3.4.1.7 Lathe
  - lathe
      3.4.1.7 Lathe
    prism
      3.4.1.8 Prism
bicubic_patch
  3.4.2.1 Bicubic Patch
  - keyword
      3.4.2.1 Bicubic Patch
    tutorial
      2.3.1.5 Bicubic Patch Object
Bits_Per_Color
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.4.1 Output File Type
black spots
  2.4.2.5 Why are there strange dark pixels or noise on my CSG object?
black_hole
  3.5.12.6.1 Black Hole Warp
  - warp
      3.5.12.6 Warps
      3.5.12.6.1 Black Hole Warp
blob
  3.4.1.1 Blob
  - component
      3.4.1.1 Blob
    component, cylinder
      3.4.1.1 Blob
    component, sphere
      3.4.1.1 Blob
    keyword
      3.4.1.1 Blob
Blob Constructs
  - complex
      2.3.3.1.2 Complex Blob Constructs and Negative Strength
Blobs
  3.4.1.1 Blob
blue
  3.2.1.5.2 Color Keywords
Blur
  3.3.1.3 Focal Blur
blur_samples
  3.3.1.3 Focal Blur
  - camera
      3.3.1 Camera
BMP output
  3.1.2.4.1 Output File Type
boolean
  3.2.1.3.5 Built-in Constants
bounded_by
  3.4.9.2 Bounded_By
  - object modifier
      3.4.9.2 Bounded_By
Bounding
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.8.2 Automatic Bounding Control
Bounding_Threshold
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.8.2 Automatic Bounding Control
box
  3.4.1.2 Box
  - keyword
      3.4.1.2 Box
    tutorial
      2.2.2.1 Box Object
boxed
  3.5.11.3 Boxed
  - keyword
      3.5.11.3 Boxed
    pattern
      3.5.11.3 Boxed
bozo
  3.5.11.4 Bozo
  - keyword
      3.5.11.4 Bozo
    pattern
      3.5.11.4 Bozo
break
  3.2.2.6.3 The #switch, #case, #range and #break Directives
brick
  3.5.11.5 Brick
  - keyword
      3.5.11.5 Brick
    pattern
      3.5.11.5 Brick
brick_size
  3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
  - brick
      3.5.11.5 Brick
    pattern modifier
      3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
brightness
  3.3.4.2.3 brightness
brilliance
  3.5.3.2.2 Brilliance
  - finish
      3.5.3 Finish
Buffer_Output
  3.1.2.4.3 Output File Buffer
Buffer_Size
  3.1.2.4.3 Output File Buffer
Bug Reports
  1.7 Bug Reports
bump_map
  3.5.2.3 Bump Maps
  - normal
      3.5.2 Normal
bump_size
  3.5.2.3.2 Bump_Size
  - normal
      3.5.2 Normal
Bumpiness
  - adding
      2.2.5.2 Adding Bumpiness
bumps
  3.5.11.6 Bumps
  - keyword
      3.5.11.6 Bumps
    pattern
      3.5.11.6 Bumps
Camera
  3.3.1 Camera
  - adding
      2.2.1.3 Adding a Camera
    coordinate system
      3.3.1.1.7 Handedness
    focal blur
      3.3.1.3 Focal Blur
    keyword
      3.3.1 Camera
    placing
      3.3.1.1 Placing the Camera
    types of
      3.3.1.2 Types of Projection
    using the
      2.2.6 Using the Camera
case
  3.2.2.6.3 The #switch, #case, #range and #break Directives
caustics
  3.6.1.7 Simulated Caustics
  - interior
      3.6.1 Interior
    simulated
      3.6.1.7 Simulated Caustics
ceil
  3.2.1.3.4 Functions
cells
  3.5.11.7 Cells
  - keyword
      3.5.11.7 Cells
    pattern
      3.5.11.7 Cells
Center_Object
  3.7.12.1 shapes.inc
Center_Trans
  3.7.18 transforms.inc
charset
  - global_settings
      3.3.3 Global Settings
      3.3.3.6 Charset
checker
  3.5.11.8 Checker
  - keyword
      3.5.11.8 Checker
    pattern
      3.5.11.8 Checker
chr
  3.2.1.7.3 String Functions
CHSL2RGB
  3.7.3.2 Color macros
CHSV2RGB
  3.7.3.2 Color macros
Circle_Text
  3.7.12.1 shapes.inc
circular
  3.4.7.5 Area Lights
  - light_source
      3.4.7 Light Sources
citations
  2.5.3 Citing POV-Ray in Academic Publications
clamp
  3.7.9.1 Float functions and macros
clip
  3.7.9.1 Float functions and macros
clipped_by
  3.4.9.1 Clipped_By
  - object modifier
      3.4.9.1 Clipped_By
Clock
  3.2.1.3.6 Built-in Variables
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.1.1 External Animation Loop
clock_delta
  3.2.1.3.6 Built-in Variables
clock_on
  3.2.1.3.6 Built-in Variables
Clouds
  - adding
      2.3.5.2.3 Adding Some Clouds
collect
  3.6.3.2.2 Shooting Photons at an Object
Color
  3.2.1.5 Specifying Colors
  - common pitfalls
      3.2.1.5.5 Common Color Pitfalls
    functions, user-defined
      3.2.1.6.5 Declaring User-Defined Color Functions
    identifiers
      3.2.1.5.3 Color Identifiers
    keywords
      3.2.1.5.2 Color Keywords
    operators
      3.2.1.5.4 Color Operators
    quickref
      3.8.3.3 Colors
    specifying
      3.2.1.5 Specifying Colors
    vectors
      3.2.1.5.1 Color Vectors
Color List Pigments
  - using
      2.3.4.1.1 Using Color List Pigments
Color Maps
  2.2.5.3 Creating Color Patterns
Color Patterns
  - creating
      2.2.5.3 Creating Color Patterns
color_map
  3.5.1.3 Color Maps
  - density
      3.6.2.3.2 Density with color_map
    pigment
      3.5.1 Pigment
    rainbow
      3.3.2.5 Rainbow
    tutorial
      2.2.5.3 Creating Color Patterns
colors
  - quickref
      3.8.3.3 Colors
colour
  3.2.1.5 Specifying Colors
  - quickref
      3.8.3.3 Colors
colour_map
  3.5.1.3 Color Maps
  - pigment
      3.5.1 Pigment
Command-line Options
  2.2.8 Setting POV-Ray Options
  - all versions
      2.2.8 Setting POV-Ray Options
comment
  3.2.1.2 Comments
component
  3.4.1.1 Blob
  - blob
      3.4.1.1 Blob
composite
  3.4.6.2 Union
concat
  3.2.1.7.3 String Functions
conditional directives
  - quickref
      3.8.4.6 Control Flow Directives
cone
  3.4.1.3 Cone
  - keyword
      3.4.1.3 Cone
    tutorial
      2.2.2.2 Cone Object
confidence
  3.3.1.3 Focal Blur
  - camera
      3.3.1 Camera
    focal blur
      3.3.1.3 Focal Blur
    media
      3.6.2 Media
      3.6.2.2 Sampling Parameters & Methods
conic_sweep
  3.4.1.8 Prism
  - prism
      3.4.1.8 Prism
Connect_Spheres
  3.7.12.1 shapes.inc
conserve_energy
  3.5.3.5 Conserve Energy for Reflection
  - finish
      3.5.3 Finish
constant fog
  3.3.2.3 Fog
Constructive Solid Geometry
  2.2.3 CSG Objects
  - quickref
      3.8.8.6 CSG
contained_by
  3.4.4 Isosurface Object
  - isosurface
      3.4.4 Isosurface Object
    parametric
      3.4.5 Parametric Object
contents
  - quickref
      3.8.1 Quick Reference Contents
Continue_Trace
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.2.4 Resuming Options
control0
  3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
  - pattern modifier
      3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
    quilted
      3.5.11.27 Quilted
control1
  3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
  - pattern modifier
      3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
    quilted
      3.5.11.27 Quilted
Convert_Color
  3.7.3.2 Color macros
Coordinate System
  - camera
      3.3.1.1.7 Handedness
    understanding
      2.2.1.1 Understanding POV-Ray's Coordinate System
coords
  3.5.11.13 Facets
  - facets
      3.5.11.13 Facets
cos
  3.2.1.3.4 Functions
  - julia
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
    julia_fractal
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
cosd
  3.7.9.1 Float functions and macros
cosh
  3.2.1.3.4 Functions
  - julia
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
    julia_fractal
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
count
  3.3.4.2.4 count
crackle
  3.5.11.9 Crackle Patterns
  - keyword
      3.5.11.9 Crackle Patterns
    pattern
      3.5.11.9 Crackle Patterns
crand
  3.5.3.2.3 Crand Graininess
  - finish
      3.5.3 Finish
    in animations
      2.3.8.4 Do Not Use Jitter Or Crand
Create_Ini
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.2.4 Resuming Options
CRGB2HSL
  3.7.3.2 Color macros
CRGB2HSV
  3.7.3.2 Color macros
CRGBStr
  3.7.16 strings.inc
Cross Section Type
  3.7.7.1 Common Parameters
CSG
  3.4.6 Constructive Solid Geometry
  - difference
      3.4.6.4 Difference
    intersection
      3.4.6.3 Intersection
    merge
      3.4.6.5 Merge
    union
      3.4.6.2 Union
    what is
      2.2.3.1 What is CSG?
cube
  3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
  - julia_fractal
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
cubic
  3.4.3.2 Poly, Cubic and Quartic
  - keyword
      3.4.3.2 Poly, Cubic and Quartic
cubic_spline
  3.4.1.7 Lathe
  - lathe
      3.4.1.7 Lathe
    prism
      3.4.1.8 Prism
    sphere_sweep
      3.4.1.10 Sphere Sweep
    tutorial
      2.3.1.3.1 Teaching An Old Spline New Tricks
cubic_wave
  3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
  - pattern modifier
      3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
      3.5.12.3 Waveforms
cutaway_textures
  3.5.10 Cutaway Textures
Cyclic_Animation
  3.1.2.1.4 Cyclic Animation
cylinder
  3.4.1.4 Cylinder
  - blob
      3.4.1.1 Blob
    blob component
      3.4.1.1 Blob
    camera
      3.3.1 Camera
    keyword
      3.4.1.4 Cylinder
    light_source
      3.4.7 Light Sources
      3.4.7.3 Cylindrical Lights
    tutorial
      2.2.2.3 Cylinder Object
cylindrical
  3.5.11.10 Cylindrical
  - keyword
      3.5.11.10 Cylindrical
    pattern
      3.5.11.10 Cylindrical
    projection
      3.3.1.2.7 Cylindrical projection
    warp
      3.5.12.6 Warps
      3.5.12.6.5 Mapping using warps
Cylindrical Light Source
  - the
      2.2.4.3 The Cylindrical Light Source
debug
  3.2.2.7.1 Text Message Streams
  - debug.inc
      3.7.5 debug.inc
Debug_Console
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.7.2 Console Text Output
Debug_File
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.7.3 Directing Text Streams to Files
Declare
  3.2.2.2.1 Declaring identifiers
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.5.1 Constant
Declaring
  - arrays
      3.2.1.8.1 Declaring Arrays
default
  3.2.2.4 The #default Directive
Default Output Directory
  3.1.2.4.2 Output File Name
default texture
  - quickref
      3.8.4.4 Default Texture
Default values
  - bicubic_patch
      3.4.2.1 Bicubic Patch
    blob
      3.4.1.1 Blob
    camera
      3.3.1 Camera
    disc
      3.4.2.2 Disc
    fog
      3.3.2.3 Fog
    global settings
      3.3.3 Global Settings
    height_field
      3.4.1.5 Height Field
    interior
      3.6.1 Interior
    isosurface
      3.4.4 Isosurface Object
    julia fractal
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
    lathe
      3.4.1.7 Lathe
    light_source
      3.4.7 Light Sources
    media
      3.6.2 Media
    mesh
      3.4.2.3 Mesh
    parametric
      3.4.5 Parametric Object
    pattern modifiers
      3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
    photons
      3.6.3.2.1 Photon Global Settings
    poly
      3.4.3.2 Poly, Cubic and Quartic
    prism
      3.4.1.8 Prism
    rainbow
      3.3.2.5 Rainbow
    sor
      3.4.1.12 Surface of Revolution
    sphere_sweep
      3.4.1.10 Sphere Sweep
    torus
      3.4.1.14 Torus
defined
  3.2.1.3.4 Functions
degrees
  3.2.1.3.4 Functions
density
  - media
      3.6.2 Media
density_file
  3.5.11.11 Density_File
  - keyword
      3.5.11.11 Density_File
    pattern
      3.5.11.11 Density_File
density_map
  3.6.2.3.3 Density Maps and Density Lists
dents
  3.5.11.12 Dents
  - keyword
      3.5.11.12 Dents
    pattern
      3.5.11.12 Dents
Depth of field
  3.3.1.3 Focal Blur
df3
  3.5.11.11 Density_File
  - density_file
      3.5.11.11 Density_File
Difference
  3.4.6.4 Difference
  - CSG
      2.2.3.4 CSG Difference
    keyword
      3.4.6.4 Difference
    tutorial
      2.2.3.4 CSG Difference
diffuse
  - finish
      3.5.3 Finish
dimension_size
  3.2.1.3.4 Functions
dimensions
  3.2.1.3.4 Functions
direction
  3.3.1.1.4 The Direction Vector
  - camera
      3.3.1 Camera
    rainbow
      3.3.2.5 Rainbow
Directives
  - #language, #declare vs. #local
      3.2.2.2.2 #declare vs. #local
    language
      3.2.2 Language Directives
    language, #banner
      3.2.2.7.1 Text Message Streams
    language, #break
      3.2.2.6.3 The #switch, #case, #range and #break Directives
    language, #case
      3.2.2.6.3 The #switch, #case, #range and #break Directives
    language, #debug
      3.2.2.7.1 Text Message Streams
    language, #declare
      3.2.2.2 The #declare and #local Directives
    language, #default
      3.2.2.4 The #default Directive
    language, #else
      3.2.2.6.1 The #if...#else...#end Directives
    language, #end
      3.2.2.6.1 The #if...#else...#end Directives
      3.2.2.6.4 The #while...#end Directive
    language, #error
      3.2.2.7.1 Text Message Streams
    language, #fclose
      3.2.2.3.2 The #fclose Directive
    language, #fopen
      3.2.2.3.1 The #fopen Directive
    language, #if
      3.2.2.6.1 The #if...#else...#end Directives
    language, #ifdef
      3.2.2.6.2 The #ifdef and #ifndef Directives
    language, #ifndef
      3.2.2.6.2 The #ifdef and #ifndef Directives
    language, #include
      3.2.2.1 Include Files and the #include Directive
    language, #local
      3.2.2.2 The #declare and #local Directives
    language, #macro
      3.2.2.8 User Defined Macros
      3.2.2.8.1 The #macro Directive
    language, #range
      3.2.2.6.3 The #switch, #case, #range and #break Directives
    language, #read
      3.2.2.3.3 The #read Directive
    language, #render
      3.2.2.7.1 Text Message Streams
    language, #statistics
      3.2.2.7.1 Text Message Streams
    language, #status
      3.2.2.7.1 Text Message Streams
    language, #switch
      3.2.2.6.3 The #switch, #case, #range and #break Directives
    language, #undef
      3.2.2.2.4 Destroying Identifiers with #undef
    language, #version
      3.2.2.5 The #version Directive
    language, #warning
      3.2.2.7.1 Text Message Streams
    language, #while
      3.2.2.6.4 The #while...#end Directive
    language, #write
      3.2.2.3.4 The #write Directive
    language, conditional
      3.2.2.6 Conditional Directives
    language, default texture
      3.2.2.4 The #default Directive
    language, file I/O
      3.2.2.3 File I/O Directives
    language, identifiers
      3.2.2.2.1 Declaring identifiers
    language, identifiers, destroying
      3.2.2.2.4 Destroying Identifiers with #undef
    language, user messages
      3.2.2.7 User Message Directives
    name collisions
      3.2.2.2.3 Identifier Name Collisions
Directory
  - default output
      3.1.2.4.2 Output File Name
disc
  3.4.2.2 Disc
  - keyword
      3.4.2.2 Disc
dispersion
  3.6.1.5 Dispersion
  - interior
      3.6.1 Interior
    photons
      3.6.3.5.3 Photons and Dispersion
dispersion_samples
  3.6.1.5 Dispersion
  - interior
      3.6.1 Interior
Display
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.3.1 Display Hardware Settings
Display_Gamma
  3.1.2.3.1 Display Hardware Settings
  - for your display
      3.1.2.3.2 Setting your Display Gamma
    ini-option
      3.1.2.3.1 Display Hardware Settings
dist_exp
  3.5.12.6.5 Mapping using warps
  - warp
      3.5.12.6 Warps
distance
  3.3.2.3 Fog
  - fog
      3.3.2.3 Fog
    rainbow
      3.3.2.5 Rainbow
div
  3.2.1.3.4 Functions
Divergence
  3.7.9.3 Vector Analysis
double_illuminate
  3.4.9.8 Double_Illuminate
  - object modifier
      3.4.9.8 Double_Illuminate
Draw_Vistas
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.3.3 Display Related Settings
dynamic max_gradient
  3.4.4 Isosurface Object
eccentricity
  3.6.2.1.3 Scattering
  - media
      3.6.2 Media
else
  3.2.2.6.1 The #if...#else...#end Directives
emission
  3.6.2.1.2 Emission
  - media
      3.6.2 Media
end
  3.2.2.6.1 The #if...#else...#end Directives
End_Column
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.2.2 Partial Output Options
End_Row
  3.1.2.2.2 Partial Output Options
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.2.2 Partial Output Options
Environment variables
  - POVINI
      2.2.8.3 Using the POVINI Environment Variable
    POVRAYOPT
      2.2.8.3 Using the POVINI Environment Variable
error
  3.2.2.7.1 Text Message Streams
  - debug.inc
      3.7.5 debug.inc
error_bound
  3.3.4.2.11 nearest_count
eval_pigment
  3.7.7.3 Pre defined functions
evaluate
  3.4.4 Isosurface Object
  - isosurface
      3.4.4 Isosurface Object
even
  3.7.9.1 Float functions and macros
exp
  3.2.1.3.4 Functions
  - julia
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
    julia_fractal
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
expand_thresholds
  3.6.3.5.2 Adaptive Search Radius
exponent
  3.5.3.4 Specular Reflection
  - finish
      3.5.3 Finish
    julia
      3.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns
    mandel
      3.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns
    reflection
      3.5.3.4 Specular Reflection
Expressions
  - float
      3.2.1.3 Float Expressions
    vector
      3.2.1.4 Vector Expressions
Extents
  3.7.12.1 shapes.inc
exterior
  3.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns
  - julia
      3.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns
    magnet
      3.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns
    mandel
      3.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns
extinction
  3.6.2.1.3 Scattering
  - media
      3.6.2 Media
f_algbr_cyl1
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_algbr_cyl2
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_algbr_cyl3
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_algbr_cyl4
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_bicorn
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_bifolia
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_blob
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_blob2
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_boy_surface
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_comma
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_cross_ellipsoids
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_crossed_trough
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_cubic_saddle
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_cushion
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_devils_curve
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_devils_curve_2d
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_dupin_cyclid
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_ellipsoid
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_enneper
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_flange_cover
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_folium_surface
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_folium_surface_2d
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_glob
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_heart
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_helical_torus
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_helix1
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_helix2
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_hetero_mf
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_hex_x
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_hex_y
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_hunt_surface
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_hyperbolic_torus
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_isect_ellipsoids
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_kampyle_of_eudoxus
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_kampyle_of_eudoxus_2d
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_klein_bottle
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_kummer_surface_v1
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_kummer_surface_v2
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_lemniscate_of_gerono
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_lemniscate_of_gerono_2d
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_mesh1
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_mitre
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_nodal_cubic
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_noise3d
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_noise_generator
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_odd
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_ovals_of_cassini
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_parabolic_torus
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_paraboloid
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_ph
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_pillow
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_piriform
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_piriform_2d
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_poly4
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_polytubes
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_quantum
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_quartic_cylinder
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_quartic_paraboloid
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_quartic_saddle
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_r
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_ridge
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_ridged_mf
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_rounded_box
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_scallop_wave
  3.7.7.3 Pre defined functions
f_sine_wave
  3.7.7.3 Pre defined functions
f_snoise3d
  3.7.7.3 Pre defined functions
f_sphere
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_spikes
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_spikes_2d
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_spiral
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_sqr
  3.7.9.1 Float functions and macros
f_steiners_roman
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_strophoid
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_strophoid_2d
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_superellipsoid
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_th
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_torus
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_torus2
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_torus_gumdrop
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_umbrella
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_witch_of_agnesi
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
f_witch_of_agnesi_2d
  3.7.7.2 Internal Functions
face_indices
  3.4.2.4 Mesh2
  - mesh2
      3.4.2.4 Mesh2
facets
  3.5.11.13 Facets
  - keyword
      3.5.11.13 Facets
    pattern
      3.5.11.13 Facets
fade_color
  3.6.1.6 Attenuation
  - interior
      3.6.1 Interior
fade_colour
  3.6.1.6 Attenuation
fade_distance
  3.4.7.9 Light Fading
  - interior
      3.6.1 Interior
      3.6.1.6 Attenuation
    light_source
      3.4.7 Light Sources
      3.4.7.9 Light Fading
fade_power
  3.4.7.9 Light Fading
  - interior
      3.6.1 Interior
      3.6.1.6 Attenuation
    light_source
      3.4.7 Light Sources
      3.4.7.9 Light Fading
Fading Light
  2.2.4.6.3 Using Light Fading
falloff
  3.4.7.2 Spotlights
  - finish
      3.5.3 Finish
    light_source
      3.4.7 Light Sources
      3.4.7.2 Spotlights
    reflection
      3.5.3.4 Specular Reflection
    warp
      3.5.12.6 Warps
      3.5.12.6.1 Black Hole Warp
falloff_angle
  3.3.2.5 Rainbow
  - rainbow
      3.3.2.5 Rainbow
false
  3.2.1.3.5 Built-in Constants
FAQ
  2.4 Questions and Tips
Fatal_Console
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.7.2 Console Text Output
Fatal_Error_Command
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.6 Shell-out to Operating System
Fatal_Error_Return
  3.1.2.6.3 Shell Command Return Actions
Fatal_File
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.7.3 Directing Text Streams to Files
fclose
  3.2.2.3.2 The #fclose Directive
Field_Render
  3.1.2.1.5 Field Rendering
file i/o
  - quickref
      3.8.4.3 File Input/Output
file inclusion
  - quickref
      3.8.4.1 File Inclusion
file_exists
  3.2.1.3.4 Functions
filter
  3.2.1.5 Specifying Colors
  - bitmap modfier
      3.5.1.5.2 The Filter and Transmit Bitmap Modifiers
final_clock
  3.2.1.3.6 Built-in Variables
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.1.2 Internal Animation Loop
    ini-option, tutorial
      2.3.8.5 INI File Settings
final_frame
  3.2.1.3.6 Built-in Variables
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.1.2 Internal Animation Loop
    ini-option, tutorial
      2.3.8.5 INI File Settings
Finding include files
  3.1.2.5.4 Library Paths
finish
  3.5.3 Finish
  - keyword
      3.5.3 Finish
    quickref
      3.8.10.6 Finish
    tutorial
      2.3.4.3 Finishes
fisheye
  3.3.1.2.3 Fisheye projection
  - camera
      3.3.1 Camera
flatness
  3.4.2.1 Bicubic Patch
  - bicubic_patch
      3.4.2.1 Bicubic Patch
flip
  3.5.12.6.2 Repeat Warp
  - warp
      3.5.12.6 Warps
Float
  - boolean
      3.2.1.3.5 Built-in Constants
    built-in constants
      3.2.1.3.5 Built-in Constants
    built-in variables
      3.2.1.3.6 Built-in Variables
    expressions
      3.2.1.3 Float Expressions
    functions
      3.2.1.3.4 Functions
    functions, user-defined
      3.2.1.6.3 Declaring User-Defined Float Functions
    identifiers
      3.2.1.3.2 Identifiers
    literals
      3.2.1.3.1 Literals
    operators
      3.2.1.3.3 Operators
    quickref
      3.8.3.1 Floats
float expressions
  - quickref
      3.8.3.1 Floats
floats
  - quickref
      3.8.3.1 Floats
floor
  3.2.1.3.4 Functions
fn_Divergence
  3.7.9.3 Vector Analysis
fn_Gradient
  3.7.9.3 Vector Analysis
fn_Gradient_Directional
  3.7.9.3 Vector Analysis
Focal Blur
  - using
      2.2.6.1 Using Focal Blur
focal_point
  3.3.1.3 Focal Blur
  - camera
      3.3.1 Camera
focus
  2.2.6.1 Using Focal Blur
Fog
  3.3.2.3 Fog
  - adding
      2.3.5.3 The Fog
    adding turbulence
      2.3.5.3.4 Adding Some Turbulence to the Fog
    constant
      2.3.5.3.1 A Constant Fog
    filtering
      2.3.5.3.3 Creating a Filtering Fog
    ground
      2.3.5.3.5 Using Ground Fog
    hollow objects
      2.3.5.3.7 Fog and Hollow Objects
    keyword
      3.3.2.3 Fog
    quickref
      3.8.12.2 Fog
    setting minimum translucency
      2.3.5.3.2 Setting a Minimum Translucency
    tutorial
      2.3.5.3 The Fog
    using multiple layers of
      2.3.5.3.6 Using Multiple Layers of Fog
fog_alt
  3.3.2.3 Fog
  - fog
      3.3.2.3 Fog
fog_offset
  3.3.2.3 Fog
  - fog
      3.3.2.3 Fog
fog_type
  3.3.2.3 Fog
  - fog
      3.3.2.3 Fog
fopen
  3.2.2.3.1 The #fopen Directive
form
  3.5.11.9 Crackle Patterns
  - crackle
      3.5.11.9 Crackle Patterns
fractal
  3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
Fractal Object
  3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
frame_number
  3.2.1.3.6 Built-in Variables
frequency
  3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
  - pattern modifier
      3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
      3.5.12.2 Frequency and Phase
    radial
      3.5.11.28 Radial
    tutorial
      2.3.4.1.3 Using Pattern Modifiers
fresnel
  3.5.3.4 Specular Reflection
  - finish
      3.5.3 Finish
function
  3.2.1.6 User-Defined Functions
  - as pattern
      3.5.11.15 Function as pattern
    height_field
      3.4.1.5 Height Field
    internal bitmap
      3.5.11.16 Function Image
    isosurface
      3.4.4 Isosurface Object
    parametric
      3.4.5 Parametric Object
    pattern
      3.5.11.15 Function as pattern
function image
  - pattern
      3.5.11.16 Function Image
Functions
  3.2.1.6 User-Defined Functions
  - float
      3.2.1.3.4 Functions
    internal
      3.2.1.6.6 Internal Pre-Defined Functions
    string
      3.2.1.7.3 String Functions
    user-defined
      3.2.1.6 User-Defined Functions
    user-defined, color
      3.2.1.6.5 Declaring User-Defined Color Functions
    user-defined, float
      3.2.1.6.3 Declaring User-Defined Float Functions
    user-defined, vector
      3.2.1.6.4 Declaring User-Defined Vector Functions
    vector
      3.2.1.4.5 Functions
    vs. macros
      3.2.1.6.2 Functions and Macros
gamma
  - determining your display
      3.1.2.3.2 Setting your Display Gamma
    image file
      3.3.3.3.2 Image File Gamma
    monitor
      3.3.3.3.1 Monitor Gamma
    scene file
      3.3.3.3.3 Scene File Gamma
    test image
      3.1.2.3.2 Setting your Display Gamma
gather
  3.6.3.2.1 Photon Global Settings
GetStats
  3.7.9.1 Float functions and macros
gif
  3.5.1.5.1 Specifying an Image Map
  - height_field
      3.4.1.5 Height Field
global settings
  - quickref
      3.8.13 Global Settings
global_lights
  3.4.8 Light Groups
  - light_group
      3.4.8 Light Groups
global_settings
  3.3.3 Global Settings
  - keyword
      3.3.3 Global Settings
gradient
  3.5.11.17 Gradient
  - keyword
      3.5.11.17 Gradient
    pattern
      3.5.11.17 Gradient
Gradient_Directional
  3.7.9.3 Vector Analysis
Gradient_Length
  3.7.9.3 Vector Analysis
granite
  3.5.11.18 Granite
  - keyword
      3.5.11.18 Granite
    pattern
      3.5.11.18 Granite
gray
  3.2.1.5.4 Color Operators
gray_threshold
  3.3.4.2.6 gray_threshold
green
  3.2.1.5.2 Color Keywords
Ground Fog
  3.3.2.3 Fog
  - using
      2.3.5.3.5 Using Ground Fog
halo
  3.5.4 Halo
  - keyword
      3.5.4 Halo
Height
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.2.1 Height and Width of Output
height_field
  3.4.1.5 Height Field
  - keyword
      3.4.1.5 Height Field
    tutorial
      2.3.3.2 Height Field Object
Hex_Tiles_Ptrn
  3.7.17.7 Texture and pattern macros
hexagon
  3.5.11.19 Hexagon
  - keyword
      3.5.11.19 Hexagon
    pattern
      3.5.11.19 Hexagon
HF_Cylinder
  3.7.12.1.1 The HF Macros
hf_gray_16
  3.3.3.4 HF_Gray_16
  - global_settings
      3.3.3 Global Settings
      3.3.3.4 HF_Gray_16
HF_Sphere
  3.7.12.1.1 The HF Macros
HF_Square
  3.7.12.1.1 The HF Macros
HF_Torus
  3.7.12.1.1 The HF Macros
hierarchy
  3.4.1.1 Blob
  - blob
      3.4.1.1 Blob
    height_field
      3.4.1.5 Height Field
    mesh
      3.4.2.3 Mesh
Highlights
  2.3.4.3.2 Using Surface Highlights
Histogram
  3.7.9.1 Float functions and macros
Histogram_Grid_Size
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.4.7 Grid Size
Histogram_Name
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.4.6 File Name
Histogram_Type
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.4.5 File Type
hollow
  3.4.9.5 Hollow
  - object modifier
      3.4.9.5 Hollow
Hollow Objects
  - fog inside
      2.3.5.3.7 Fog and Hollow Objects
hypercomplex
  3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
  - julia_fractal
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
I/O Restrictions
  1.4 I/O Restrictions
identifier
  3.2.1.1 Identifiers and Keywords
  - declaration, quickref
      3.8.4.2 Identifier Declaration
Identifiers
  3.2.1.1 Identifiers and Keywords
  - array
      3.2.1.8 Array Identifiers
    color
      3.2.1.5.3 Color Identifiers
    declaring
      3.2.2.2.1 Declaring identifiers
    destroying
      3.2.2.2.4 Destroying Identifiers with #undef
    float
      3.2.1.3.2 Identifiers
    string
      3.2.1.7.2 String Identifiers
    vector
      3.2.1.4.2 Identifiers
if
  3.2.2.6.1 The #if...#else...#end Directives
ifdef
  3.2.2.6.2 The #ifdef and #ifndef Directives
iff
  3.5.1.5.1 Specifying an Image Map
ifndef
  3.2.2.6.2 The #ifdef and #ifndef Directives
image_height
  3.2.1.3.6 Built-in Variables
image_map
  3.5.1.5 Image Maps
  - pigment
      3.5.1 Pigment
image_pattern
  3.5.11.20 Image Pattern
  - keyword
      3.5.11.20 Image Pattern
    pattern
      3.5.11.20 Image Pattern
image_width
  3.2.1.3.6 Built-in Variables
include
  3.2.2.1 Include Files and the #include Directive
  - standard files
      3.7 Include Files
Include Files
  - finding
      3.1.2.5.4 Library Paths
Include Path
  3.1.2.5.4 Library Paths
Include_Header
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.5.3 Include File Name
INI files
  - constant
      3.1.2.5.1 Constant
    using
      2.2.8.2 Using INI Files
initial_clock
  3.2.1.3.6 Built-in Variables
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.1.2 Internal Animation Loop
    ini-option, tutorial
      2.3.8.5 INI File Settings
initial_frame
  3.2.1.3.6 Built-in Variables
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.1.2 Internal Animation Loop
    ini-option, tutorial
      2.3.8.5 INI File Settings
Initialization
  - arrays
      3.2.1.8.2 Array Initializers
Input_File_Name
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.5.2 Input File Name
inside
  3.2.1.3.4 Functions
inside_vector
  3.4.2.3.1 Solid Mesh
  - mesh
      3.4.2.3 Mesh
    mesh2
      3.4.2.4 Mesh2
int
  3.2.1.3.4 Functions
Interference
  2.3.4.3.4 Using Iridescence
interior
  3.6.1 Interior
  - fade_distance
      3.6.1.6 Attenuation
    fade_power
      3.6.1.6 Attenuation
    julia
      3.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns
    keyword
      3.6.1 Interior
    magnet
      3.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns
    mandel
      3.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns
    quickref
      3.8.9.3 Interior
interior texture
  3.8.9.4 Interior Texture
interior_texture
  3.5.9 Interior Texture
  - keyword
      3.5.9 Interior Texture
internal
  3.2.1.6.6 Internal Pre-Defined Functions
  - functions.inc
      3.7.7 functions.inc
interpolate
  3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
  - density_file
      3.5.11.11 Density_File
    image_pattern
      3.5.11.20 Image Pattern
    macro
      3.7.9.1 Float functions and macros
    pattern modifier
      3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
      3.5.12.7.3 The interpolate Option
Intersection
  3.4.6.3 Intersection
  - CSG
      2.2.3.3 CSG Intersection
    keyword
      3.4.6.3 Intersection
    tutorial
      2.2.3.3 CSG Intersection
intervals
  3.6.2.2 Sampling Parameters & Methods
  - media
      3.6.2 Media
inverse
  3.4.9.4 Inverse
  - object modifier
      3.4.9.4 Inverse
    warp
      3.5.12.6 Warps
ior
  3.6.1.4 Refraction
  - interior
      3.6.1 Interior
Irid
  3.5.3.6 Iridescence
  - finish
      3.5.3 Finish
    using
      2.3.4.3.4 Using Iridescence
irid_wavelength
  3.3.3.5 Irid_Wavelength
  - global_settings
      3.3.3 Global Settings
      3.3.3.5 Irid_Wavelength
Irregular_Bricks_Ptrn
  3.7.17.7 Texture and pattern macros
Isect
  3.7.12.1 shapes.inc
isosurface
  3.4.4 Isosurface Object
  - default values
      3.4.4 Isosurface Object
    keyword
      3.4.4 Isosurface Object
    tutorial
      2.3.3.3 Isosurface Object
jitter
  3.4.7.5 Area Lights
  - anti-aliasing
      3.1.2.8.4 Anti-Aliasing Options
    area_light
      3.4.7.5 Area Lights
    in animations
      2.3.8.4 Do Not Use Jitter Or Crand
    ini-option
      3.1.2.8.4 Anti-Aliasing Options
    light_source
      3.4.7 Light Sources
    photons
      3.6.3.2.1 Photon Global Settings
    rainbow
      3.3.2.5 Rainbow
Jitter_Amount
  - ini.option
      3.1.2.8.4 Anti-Aliasing Options
jpeg
  3.5.1.5.1 Specifying an Image Map
  - height_field
      3.4.1.5 Height Field
julia
  3.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns
  - keyword
      3.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns
    pattern
      3.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns
julia_fractal
  3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
  - keyword
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
keyword
  3.2.1.1 Identifiers and Keywords
  - aa_level
      3.6.2 Media
    aa_threshold
      3.6.2 Media
    absorption
      3.6.2 Media
    accuracy
      3.4.4 Isosurface Object in
      3.4.5 Parametric Object in
      3.5.2 Normal in
    acos
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
    acosh
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
    adaptive
      3.4.7 Light Sources
    adc_bailout
      3.3.3 Global Settings
    agate
      3.5.11.1 Agate
    agate_turb
      3.5.11.1 Agate
    all_intersections
      3.4.4 Isosurface Object
    altitude
      3.5.11.30 Slope
    ambient
      3.5.3 Finish
    ambient_light
      3.3.3 Global Settings
    angle
      3.3.1 Camera
      3.3.2.5 Rainbow
    aperture
      3.3.1 Camera
    arc_angle
      3.3.2.5 Rainbow
    area_light
      3.4.7 Light Sources
    ascii
      3.3.3 Global Settings
    asin
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
    asinh
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
    assumed_gamma
      3.3.3 Global Settings
    atan
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
    atanh
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
    average
      3.5.11.2 Average
    b_spline
      3.4.1.10 Sphere Sweep
    background
      3.3.2.2 Background
    bezier_spline
      3.4.1.7 Lathe
      3.4.1.8 Prism
    bicubic_patch
      3.4.2.1 Bicubic Patch
    black_hole
      3.5.12.6 Warps
    blob
      3.4.1.1 Blob
    blur_samples
      3.3.1 Camera
    box
      3.4.1.2 Box
    boxed
      3.5.11.3 Boxed
    bozo
      3.5.11.4 Bozo
    brick
      3.5.11.5 Brick
    brick_size
      3.5.11.5 Brick
    brilliance
      3.5.3 Finish
    bump_map
      3.5.2 Normal
    bump_size
      3.5.2 Normal
    bumps
      3.5.11.6 Bumps
    camera
      3.3.1 Camera
    caustics
      3.6.1 Interior
    cells
      3.5.11.7 Cells
    charset
      3.3.3 Global Settings
    checker
      3.5.11.8 Checker
    circular
      3.4.7 Light Sources
    color_map
      3.5.1 Pigment
    colour_map
      3.5.1 Pigment
    component
      3.4.1.1 Blob
    cone
      3.4.1.3 Cone
    confidence
      3.3.1 Camera in
      3.6.2 Media in
    conic_sweep
      3.4.1.8 Prism
    conserve_energy
      3.5.3 Finish
    contained_by
      3.4.4 Isosurface Object
      3.4.5 Parametric Object
    control0
      3.5.11.27 Quilted
    control1
      3.5.11.27 Quilted
    coords
      3.5.11.13 Facets
    cos
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
    cosh
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
    crackle
      3.5.11.9 Crackle Patterns
    crand
      3.5.3 Finish
    cube
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
    cubic
      3.4.3.2 Poly, Cubic and Quartic
    cubic_spline
      3.4.1.7 Lathe
      3.4.1.8 Prism
      3.4.1.10 Sphere Sweep
    cylinder
      3.3.1 Camera in
      3.4.1.1 Blob in
      3.4.1.4 Cylinder in
      3.4.7 Light Sources in
    cylindrical
      3.5.11.10 Cylindrical
      3.5.12.6 Warps
    density
      3.6.2 Media
    density_file
      3.5.11.11 Density_File
    dents
      3.5.11.12 Dents
    df3
      3.5.11.11 Density_File
    difference
      3.4.6.4 Difference
    diffuse
      3.5.3 Finish
    direction
      3.3.1 Camera
      3.3.2.5 Rainbow
    disc
      3.4.2.2 Disc
    dispersion
      3.6.1 Interior
    dispersion_samples
      3.6.1 Interior
    dist_exp
      3.5.12.6 Warps
    distance
      3.3.2.3 Fog
      3.3.2.5 Rainbow
    eccentricity
      3.6.2 Media
    emission
      3.6.2 Media
    evaluate
      3.4.4 Isosurface Object
    exp
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
    exponent
      3.5.3 Finish
      3.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns
    exterior
      3.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns
    extinction
      3.6.2 Media
    face_indices
      3.4.2.4 Mesh2
    facets
      3.5.11.13 Facets
    fade_color
      3.6.1 Interior
    fade_distance
      3.4.7 Light Sources in
      3.6.1 Interior in
    fade_power
      3.4.7 Light Sources in
      3.6.1 Interior in
    falloff
      3.4.7 Light Sources in
      3.5.3 Finish in
      3.5.12.6 Warps in
    falloff_angle
      3.3.2.5 Rainbow
    finish
      3.5.3 Finish
    fisheye
      3.3.1 Camera
    flatness
      3.4.2.1 Bicubic Patch
    flip
      3.5.12.6 Warps
    focal_point
      3.3.1 Camera
    fog
      3.3.2.3 Fog
    fog_alt
      3.3.2.3 Fog
    fog_offset
      3.3.2.3 Fog
    fog_type
      3.3.2.3 Fog
    form
      3.5.11.9 Crackle Patterns
    frequency
      3.5.11.28 Radial
    fresnel
      3.5.3 Finish
    function
      3.4.1.5 Height Field
      3.4.4 Isosurface Object
      3.4.5 Parametric Object
    gif
      3.4.1.5 Height Field
    global_lights
      3.4.8 Light Groups
    global_settings
      3.3.3 Global Settings
    gradient
      3.5.11.17 Gradient
    granite
      3.5.11.18 Granite
    halo
      3.5.4 Halo
    height_field
      3.4.1.5 Height Field
    hexagon
      3.5.11.19 Hexagon
    hf_gray_16
      3.3.3 Global Settings
    hierarchy
      3.4.1.1 Blob
      3.4.1.5 Height Field
      3.4.2.3 Mesh
    hypercomplex
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
    image_map
      3.5.1 Pigment
    image_pattern
      3.5.11.20 Image Pattern
    inside_vector
      3.4.2.3 Mesh
      3.4.2.4 Mesh2
    interior
      3.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns in
      3.6.1 Interior in
    interior_texture
      3.5.9 Interior Texture
    interpolate
      3.5.11.11 Density_File
      3.5.11.20 Image Pattern
    intersection
      3.4.6.3 Intersection
    intervals
      3.6.2 Media
    inverse
      3.5.12.6 Warps
    ior
      3.6.1 Interior
    irid
      3.5.3 Finish
    irid_wavelength
      3.3.3 Global Settings
    isosurface
      3.4.4 Isosurface Object
    jitter
      3.3.2.5 Rainbow in
      3.4.7 Light Sources in
    jpeg
      3.4.1.5 Height Field
    julia
      3.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns
    julia_fractal
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
    lambda
      3.3.2.3 Fog in
      3.5.12.6 Warps in
    lathe
      3.4.1.7 Lathe
    leopard
      3.5.11.21 Leopard
    light_group
      3.4.8 Light Groups
    light_source
      3.4.7 Light Sources
      3.4.8 Light Groups
    linear_spline
      3.4.1.7 Lathe
      3.4.1.8 Prism
      3.4.1.10 Sphere Sweep
    linear_sweep
      3.4.1.8 Prism
    ln
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
    location
      3.3.1 Camera
    look_at
      3.3.1 Camera
    looks_like
      3.4.7 Light Sources
    magnet
      3.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns
    mandel
      3.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns
    map_type
      3.5.11.20 Image Pattern
    marble
      3.5.11.22 Marble
    material_map
      3.5 Textures
    max_gradient
      3.4.4 Isosurface Object
      3.4.5 Parametric Object
    max_intersections
      3.3.3 Global Settings
    max_iteration
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
    max_trace
      3.4.4 Isosurface Object
    max_trace_level
      3.3.3 Global Settings
    media
      3.6.2 Media
    media_attenuation
      3.4.7 Light Sources
    media_interaction
      3.4.7 Light Sources
    merge
      3.4.6.5 Merge
    mesh
      3.4.2.3 Mesh
    mesh2
      3.4.2.4 Mesh2
    metallic
      3.5.3 Finish
    method
      3.6.2 Media
    metric
      3.5.11.9 Crackle Patterns
    mortar
      3.5.11.5 Brick
    no_bump_scale
      3.5.2 Normal
    noise_generator
      3.3.3 Global Settings
    normal
      3.5.2 Normal
    normal_indices
      3.4.2.4 Mesh2
    normal_map
      3.5.2 Normal
    normal_vectors
      3.4.2.4 Mesh2
    number_of_waves
      3.3.3 Global Settings
    object
      3.5.11.23 Object Pattern
    octaves
      3.3.2.3 Fog in
      3.5.12.6 Warps in
    offset
      3.5.11.9 Crackle Patterns
      3.5.12.6 Warps
    omega
      3.3.2.3 Fog in
      3.5.12.6 Warps in
    omnimax
      3.3.1 Camera
    once
      3.5.11.20 Image Pattern
    onion
      3.5.11.24 Onion
    open
      3.4.1.3 Cone
      3.4.1.4 Cylinder
      3.4.1.8 Prism
      3.4.1.12 Surface of Revolution
      3.4.4 Isosurface Object
    orient
      3.4.7 Light Sources
    orientation
      3.5.12.6 Warps
    orthographic
      3.3.1 Camera
    panoramic
      3.3.1 Camera
    parallel
      3.4.7 Light Sources
    parametric
      3.4.5 Parametric Object
    perspective
      3.3.1 Camera
    pgm
      3.4.1.5 Height Field
    phong
      3.5.3 Finish
    phong_size
      3.5.3 Finish
    photon
      3.3.3 Global Settings
    pigment
      3.5.1 Pigment
    pigment_map
      3.5.1 Pigment
      3.5.11.2 Average
    pigment_pattern
      3.5.11.25 Pigment Pattern
    planar
      3.5.11.26 Planar
      3.5.12.6 Warps
    plane
      3.4.3.1 Plane
    png
      3.4.1.5 Height Field
    point_at
      3.4.7 Light Sources
    poly
      3.4.3.2 Poly, Cubic and Quartic
    polygon
      3.4.2.5 Polygon
    pot
      3.4.1.5 Height Field
    precision
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
    precompute
      3.4.5 Parametric Object
    prism
      3.4.1.8 Prism
    projected_through
      3.4.7 Light Sources
    pwr
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
    quadratic_spline
      3.4.1.7 Lathe
      3.4.1.8 Prism
    quadric
      3.4.3.3 Quadric
    quartic
      3.4.3.2 Poly, Cubic and Quartic
    quaternion
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
    quick_color
      3.5.1 Pigment
    quick_colour
      3.5.1 Pigment
    quilted
      3.5.11.27 Quilted
    radial
      3.5.11.28 Radial
    radiosity
      3.3.3 Global Settings
    radius
      3.4.7 Light Sources
    rainbow
      3.3.2.5 Rainbow
    ratio
      3.6.2 Media
    reciprocal
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
    repeat
      3.5.12.6 Warps
    right
      3.3.1 Camera
    ripples
      3.5.11.29 Ripples
    roughness
      3.5.3 Finish
    samples
      3.6.2 Media
    scattering
      3.6.2 Media
    shadowless
      3.4.7 Light Sources
    sin
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
    sinh
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
    size
      3.5.11.13 Facets
    sky
      3.3.1 Camera
    sky_sphere
      3.3.2.4 Sky Sphere
    slope
      3.5.11.30 Slope
    slope_map
      3.5.2 Normal
    smooth
      3.4.1.5 Height Field
    smooth_triangle
      3.4.2.3 Mesh
      3.4.2.6 Triangle and Smooth Triangle
    solid
      3.5.11.9 Crackle Patterns
    sor
      3.4.1.12 Surface of Revolution
    specular
      3.5.3 Finish
    sphere
      3.4.1.1 Blob
      3.4.1.9 Sphere
    sphere_sweep
      3.4.1.10 Sphere Sweep
    spherical
      3.3.1 Camera in
      3.5.11.31 Spherical in
      3.5.12.6 Warps in
    spiral1
      3.5.11.32 Spiral1
    spiral2
      3.5.11.33 Spiral2
    split_union
      3.4.6.2.1 Split_Union
    spotlight
      3.4.7 Light Sources
    spotted
      3.5.11.34 Spotted
    sqr
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
    strength
      3.4.1.1 Blob in
      3.5.12.6 Warps in
    sturm
      3.4.1.1 Blob
      3.4.1.7 Lathe
      3.4.1.8 Prism
      3.4.1.12 Surface of Revolution
      3.4.1.14 Torus
      3.4.3.2 Poly, Cubic and Quartic
    superellipsoid
      3.4.1.11 Superquadric Ellipsoid
    sys
      3.3.3 Global Settings in
      3.4.1.5 Height Field in
    tan
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
    tanh
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
    text
      3.4.1.13 Text
    texture
      3.5 Textures
    texture_list
      3.4.2.3 Mesh in
      3.4.2.4 Mesh2 in
      3.5.8 Triangle Texture Interpolation in
    texture_map
      3.5 Textures
    tga
      3.4.1.5 Height Field
    thickness
      3.5.3 Finish
    threshold
      3.4.1.1 Blob
      3.4.4 Isosurface Object
    tiff
      3.4.1.5 Height Field
    tightness
      3.4.7 Light Sources
    tolerance
      3.4.1.10 Sphere Sweep
    toroidal
      3.5.12.6 Warps
    torus
      3.4.1.14 Torus
    triangle
      3.4.2.3 Mesh
      3.4.2.6 Triangle and Smooth Triangle
    ttf
      3.4.1.13 Text
    turb_depth
      3.3.2.3 Fog
    turbulence
      3.3.2.3 Fog in
      3.5.3 Finish in
      3.5.12.6 Warps in
    type
      3.4.2.1 Bicubic Patch
    u_steps
      3.4.2.1 Bicubic Patch
    ultra_wide_angle
      3.3.1 Camera
    union
      3.4.6.2 Union
    up
      3.3.1 Camera
      3.3.2.3 Fog
      3.3.2.5 Rainbow
    use_alpha
      3.5.11.20 Image Pattern
    utf8
      3.3.3 Global Settings
    uv_indices
      3.4.2.4 Mesh2
    uv_vectors
      3.4.2.3 Mesh
      3.4.2.4 Mesh2
    v_steps
      3.4.2.1 Bicubic Patch
    variance
      3.3.1 Camera in
      3.6.2 Media in
    vertex_vectors
      3.4.2.4 Mesh2
    warp
      3.5.12.6 Warps
    water_level
      3.4.1.5 Height Field
    waves
      3.5.11.35 Waves
    width
      3.3.2.5 Rainbow
    wood
      3.5.11.36 Wood
    wrinkles
      3.5.11.37 Wrinkles
keyword:#include
  2.2.1.2 Adding Standard Include Files
keywords
  3.2.1.1 Identifiers and Keywords
  - color
      3.2.1.5.2 Color Keywords
lambda
  3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
  - fog
      3.3.2.3 Fog
    pattern modifier
      3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
      3.5.12.6.4 Turbulence Warp
    tutorial
      2.3.4.1.3 Using Pattern Modifiers
    warp
      3.5.12.6 Warps
Language
  - basics, quickref
      3.8.3 Language Basics
    directives
      3.2.2 Language Directives
    directives, quickref
      3.8.4 Language Directives
    identifiers, camera
      3.3.1.5 Camera Identifiers
language basics
  - quickref
      3.8.3 Language Basics
language directives
  - quickref
      3.8.4 Language Directives
lathe
  3.4.1.7 Lathe
  - keyword
      3.4.1.7 Lathe
    tutorial
      2.3.1.1 Lathe Object
layered texture
  - quickref
      3.8.10.2 Layered Texture
Layered Textures
  - another example
      2.3.4.10.2 Another Layered Textures Example
    declaring
      2.3.4.10.1 Declaring Layered Textures
    using
      2.3.4.1.4 Using Transparent Pigments and Layered Textures
    working with
      2.3.4.10 Working With Layered Textures
Left-Handed coordinate system
  2.2.1.1 Understanding POV-Ray's Coordinate System
leopard
  3.5.11.21 Leopard
  - keyword
      3.5.11.21 Leopard
    pattern
      3.5.11.21 Leopard
Library_Path
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.5.4 Library Paths
License
  2.5.1 POV-Ray User License
  - support library
      2.5.2 Support Library Licences
Light Fading
  - using
      2.2.4.6.3 Using Light Fading
Light Source
  - assigning an object to
      2.2.4.6.2 Assigning an Object to a Light Source
    the
      2.2.4 The Light Source
Light Sources
  - and photons
      3.6.3.2.3 Photons and Light Sources
    special
      2.2.4.6 Light Source Specials
Light_Buffer
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.8.2 Automatic Bounding Control
light_group
  3.4.8 Light Groups
  - keyword
      3.4.8 Light Groups
light_source
  3.4.7 Light Sources
  - area_light
      3.4.7.5 Area Lights
    area_light, adaptive
      3.4.7.5 Area Lights
    area_light, circular
      3.4.7.5 Area Lights
    area_light, jitter
      3.4.7.5 Area Lights
    area_light, orient
      3.4.7.5 Area Lights
    area_light, tutorial
      2.2.4.4 The Area Light Source
    cylinder
      3.4.7.3 Cylindrical Lights
    cylinder, tutorial
      2.2.4.3 The Cylindrical Light Source
    defining
      2.2.1.6 Defining a Light Source
    fade_distance
      3.4.7.9 Light Fading
    fade_power
      3.4.7.9 Light Fading
    fade_power, tutorial
      2.2.4.6.3 Using Light Fading
    keyword
      3.4.7 Light Sources
    light_group
      3.4.8 Light Groups
    looks_like
      3.4.7.7 Looks_like
    looks_like, tutorial
      2.2.4.6.2 Assigning an Object to a Light Source
    media_attenuation
      3.4.7.11 Atmospheric Attenuation
    media_interaction
      3.4.7.10 Atmospheric Media Interaction
    parallel
      3.4.7.4 Parallel Lights
    point light
      3.4.7.1 Point Lights
    projected_through
      3.4.7.8 Projected_Through
    shadowless
      3.4.7.6 Shadowless Lights
    shadowless, tutorial
      2.2.4.6.1 Using Shadowless Lights
    spotlight
      3.4.7.2 Spotlights
    spotlight, falloff
      3.4.7.2 Spotlights
    spotlight, radius
      3.4.7.2 Spotlights
    spotlight, tightness
      3.4.7.2 Spotlights
    spotlight, tutorial
      2.2.4.2 The Spotlight Source
    tutorial
      2.2.4 The Light Source
lightgroup
  - quickref
      3.8.7.1 Lightgroup
lights
  - quickref
      3.8.7 Lights
linear_spline
  3.4.1.7 Lathe
  - lathe
      3.4.1.7 Lathe
    prism
      3.4.1.8 Prism
    sphere_sweep
      3.4.1.10 Sphere Sweep
linear_sweep
  3.4.1.8 Prism
  - prism
      3.4.1.8 Prism
List Textures
  - working with
      2.3.4.7 Working With List Textures
Literals
  - float
      3.2.1.3.1 Literals
    string
      3.2.1.7.1 String Literals
    vector
      3.2.1.4.1 Literals
ln
  3.2.1.3.4 Functions
  - julia
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
    julia_fractal
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
load_file
  3.3.4.2.15 Save and load radiosity data
  - photons
      3.6.3.2.1 Photon Global Settings
    radiosity
      3.3.4.2.15 Save and load radiosity data
local
  3.2.2.2 The #declare and #local Directives
location
  3.3.1.1.1 Location and Look_At
  - camera
      3.3.1 Camera
log
  3.2.1.3.4 Functions
look_at
  3.3.1.1.1 Location and Look_At
  - camera
      3.3.1 Camera
looks_like
  - light_source
      3.4.7 Light Sources
      3.4.7.7 Looks_like
low_error_factor
  3.3.4.2.7 low_error_factor
macro
  3.2.2.8 User Defined Macros
  - quickref
      3.8.4.8 Macro
Macros
  3.2.2.8 User Defined Macros
  - declaring
      3.2.2.8.1 The #macro Directive
    invoking
      3.2.2.8.2 Invoking Macros
    quickref
      3.8.4.8 Macro
    return values in parameters
      3.2.2.8.5 Returning Values Via Parameters
    returning values from
      3.2.2.8.4 Returning a Value Like a Function
    vs. functions
      3.2.1.6.2 Functions and Macros
    vs. splines
      3.2.1.9.1 Splines and Macros
magnet
  3.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns
  - keyword
      3.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns
    pattern
      3.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns
major_radius
  3.5.12.6.5 Mapping using warps
mandel
  3.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns
  - keyword
      3.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns
    pattern
      3.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns
map_type
  3.5.12.7.2 The map_type Option
  - image_pattern
      3.5.11.20 Image Pattern
marble
  3.5.11.22 Marble
  - keyword
      3.5.11.22 Marble
    pattern
      3.5.11.22 Marble
material
  3.4.9.3 Material
  - object modifier
      3.4.9.3 Material
    quickref
      3.8.9.2 Material
material_map
  3.5.5.3 Material Maps
  - texture
      3.5 Textures
    tutor
      2.3.4.11 When All Else Fails: Material Maps
matrix
  3.8.5 Transformations
Matrix_Trans
  3.7.18 transforms.inc
max
  3.2.1.3.4 Functions
max3
  3.7.9.1 Float functions and macros
max_extent
  3.2.1.4.5 Functions
max_gradient
  3.4.4 Isosurface Object
  - isosurface
      3.4.4 Isosurface Object
    parametric
      3.4.5 Parametric Object
max_intersections
  3.3.3.8 Max_Intersections
  - global_settings
      3.3.3 Global Settings
      3.3.3.8 Max_Intersections
max_iteration
  3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
  - julia_fractal
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
max_sample
  3.3.4.2.8 max_sample
max_trace
  3.4.4 Isosurface Object
  - isosurface
      3.4.4 Isosurface Object
max_trace_level
  3.3.3.7 Max_Trace_Level
  - global_settings
      3.3.3 Global Settings
      3.3.3.7 Max_Trace_Level
    photons
      3.6.3.2.1 Photon Global Settings
Mean
  3.7.9.1 Float functions and macros
media
  3.6.2 Media
  - and photons
      3.6.3.2.4 Photons and Media
    atmospheric
      3.3.2.1 Atmospheric Media
    density
      3.6.2.3 Density
    keyword
      3.6.2 Media
    object
      3.6.1.8 Object-Media
    photons
      3.6.3.2.1 Photon Global Settings
    quickref
      3.8.11 Media
    reference
      3.6.2 Media
    tutorial
      2.3.6 Simple Media Tutorial
    types
      3.6.2.1 Media Types
media_attenuation
  3.4.7.11 Atmospheric Attenuation
  - light_source
      3.4.7 Light Sources
media_interaction
  3.4.7.10 Atmospheric Media Interaction
  - light_source
      3.4.7 Light Sources
      3.4.7.10 Atmospheric Media Interaction
Merge
  3.4.6.5 Merge
  - CSG
      2.2.3.5 CSG Merge
    keyword
      3.4.6.5 Merge
    tutorial
      2.2.3.5 CSG Merge
mesh
  3.4.2.3 Mesh
  - keyword
      3.4.2.3 Mesh
    tutorial
      2.3.2.1 Mesh Object
mesh2
  3.4.2.4 Mesh2
  - keyword
      3.4.2.4 Mesh2
message streams
  - quickref
      3.8.4.7 Message Streams
Metallic
  3.5.3.3.3 Metallic Highlight Modifier
  - finish
      3.5.3 Finish
    highlight
      3.5.3.3.3 Metallic Highlight Modifier
    reflection
      3.5.3.4 Specular Reflection
    using
      2.3.4.3.3 Using Reflection, Metallic and Metallic
method
  3.6.2.2 Sampling Parameters & Methods
  - media
      3.6.2 Media
metric
  3.5.11.9 Crackle Patterns
  - crackle
      3.5.11.9 Crackle Patterns
min
  3.2.1.3.4 Functions
min3
  3.7.9.1 Float functions and macros
min_extent
  3.2.1.4.5 Functions
minimum_reuse
  3.3.4.2.10 minimum_reuse
mod
  3.2.1.3.4 Functions
mortar
  3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
  - brick
      3.5.11.5 Brick
    pattern modifier
      3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
Mountains
  - generating with a height field
      3.4.1.5 Height Field
Moving
  - camera
      3.3.1.1 Placing the Camera
natural_spline
  3.2.1.9 Spline Identifiers
nearest_count
  3.3.4.2.11 nearest_count
Negative Strength
  - blob
      2.3.3.1.2 Complex Blob Constructs and Negative Strength
New Features
  - component types
      2.3.3.1.1 Component Types and Other New Features
no
  3.2.1.3.5 Built-in Constants
no image
  3.4.9.7 No_Image, No_Reflection
no reflection
  3.4.9.7 No_Image, No_Reflection
no_bump_scale
  3.5.2.4 Scaling normals
  - normal
      3.5.2 Normal
no_image
  3.4.9.7 No_Image, No_Reflection
  - object modifier
      3.4.9.7 No_Image, No_Reflection
no_reflection
  3.4.9.7 No_Image, No_Reflection
  - object modifier
      3.4.9.7 No_Image, No_Reflection
no_shadow
  3.4.9.6 No_Shadow
  - object modifier
      3.4.9.6 No_Shadow
noise generator
  - pattern modifier
      3.5.12.4 Noise Generators
noise_generator
  3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
  - global_settings
      3.3.3 Global Settings
      3.3.3.10 Noise_generator
    pattern modifier
      3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
normal
  3.5.2 Normal
  - keyword
      3.5.2 Normal
    quickref
      3.8.10.5 Normal
Normal Maps
  - working with
      2.3.4.5 Working With Normal Maps
Normal Modifiers
  - using
      2.3.4.2.1 Using Basic Normal Modifiers
normal_indices
  3.4.2.4 Mesh2
  - mesh2
      3.4.2.4 Mesh2
normal_map
  3.5.2.2 Normal Maps and Normal Lists
  - normal
      3.5.2 Normal
    tutorial
      2.3.4.2.2 Blending Normals
    using
      2.3.4.5 Working With Normal Maps
normal_vectors
  3.4.2.4 Mesh2
  - mesh2
      3.4.2.4 Mesh2
Normals
  - blending
      2.3.4.2.2 Blending Normals
Normals and Radiosity
  2.3.7.4 Normals and Radiosity
number_of_waves
  3.3.3.9 Number_Of_Waves
  - global_settings
      3.3.3 Global Settings
      3.3.3.9 Number_Of_Waves
Object
  3.5.11.23 Object Pattern
  - adding texture to
      2.2.1.5 Adding Texture to an Object
    describing
      2.2.1.4 Describing an Object
    keyword
      3.5.11.23 Object Pattern
    modifiers, quickref
      3.8.9 Object Modifiers
    pattern
      3.5.11.23 Object Pattern
Object Lights
  2.2.4.6.2 Assigning an Object to a Light Source
object media
  3.6.1.8 Object-Media
Object modifiers
  - bounded_by
      3.4.9.2 Bounded_By
    clipped_by
      3.4.9.1 Clipped_By
    double_illuminate
      3.4.9.8 Double_Illuminate
    hollow
      3.4.9.5 Hollow
    inverse
      3.4.9.4 Inverse
    material
      3.4.9.3 Material
    no_image
      3.4.9.7 No_Image, No_Reflection
    no_reflection
      3.4.9.7 No_Image, No_Reflection
    no_shadow
      3.4.9.6 No_Shadow
    quickref
      3.8.9 Object Modifiers
    sturm
      3.4.9.9 Sturm
objects
  3.4 Objects
  - csg, quickref
      3.8.8.6 CSG
    empty and solid
      3.6.1.2 Empty and Solid Objects
    finite patch, quickref
      3.8.8.2 Finite Patch Objects
    finite solid, quickref
      3.8.8.1 Finite Solid Objects
    infinite solid, quickref
      3.8.8.3 Infinite Solid Objects
    isosurface, quickref
      3.8.8.4 Isosurface
    parametric, quickref
      3.8.8.5 Parametric
    quickref
      3.8.8 Objects
octaves
  3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
  - fog
      3.3.2.3 Fog
    pattern modifier
      3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
      3.5.12.6.4 Turbulence Warp
    tutorial
      2.3.4.1.3 Using Pattern Modifiers
    warp
      3.5.12.6 Warps
odd
  3.7.9.1 Float functions and macros
Odd_Field
  3.1.2.1.5 Field Rendering
off
  3.2.1.3.5 Built-in Constants
offset
  3.5.12.6.2 Repeat Warp
  - crackle
      3.5.11.9 Crackle Patterns
    repeat warp
      3.5.12.6.2 Repeat Warp
    warp
      3.5.12.6 Warps
omega
  3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
  - fog
      3.3.2.3 Fog
    pattern modifier
      3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
      3.5.12.6.4 Turbulence Warp
    tutorial
      2.3.4.1.3 Using Pattern Modifiers
    warp
      3.5.12.6 Warps
omnimax
  3.3.1.2.5 Omnimax projection
  - camera
      3.3.1 Camera
on
  3.2.1.3.5 Built-in Constants
once
  3.5.12.7.1 The once Option
  - image_pattern
      3.5.11.20 Image Pattern
onion
  3.5.11.24 Onion
  - keyword
      3.5.11.24 Onion
    pattern
      3.5.11.24 Onion
open
  3.6.1 Interior
  - cone
      3.4.1.3 Cone
    cylinder
      3.4.1.4 Cylinder
    isosurface
      3.4.4 Isosurface Object
    prism
      3.4.1.8 Prism
    sor
      3.4.1.12 Surface of Revolution
Operators
  - color
      3.2.1.5.4 Color Operators
    float
      3.2.1.3.3 Operators
    promotion
      3.2.1.4.4 Operator Promotion
    vector
      3.2.1.4.3 Operators
Options
  - all versions
      2.2.8 Setting POV-Ray Options
    animation
      3.1.2.1 Animation Options
    anti-aliasing
      3.1.2.8.4 Anti-Aliasing Options
    bounding, automatic
      3.1.2.8.2 Automatic Bounding Control
    bounding, manual
      3.1.2.8.3 Removing User Bounding
    command-line
      2.2.8.1 Command Line Switches
    display
      3.1.2.3 Display Output Options
      3.1.2.3.1 Display Hardware Settings
    general output
      3.1.2.2 General Output Options
    height and width
      3.1.2.2.1 Height and Width of Output
    help screen
      3.1.2.7.5 Help Screen Switches
    ini file
      2.2.8.2 Using INI Files
    interruption
      3.1.2.2.3 Interrupting Options
    parsing
      3.1.2.5 Scene Parsing Options
    partial output
      3.1.2.2.2 Partial Output Options
    POVINI environment variable
      2.2.8.3 Using the POVINI Environment Variable
    rendering
      3.1.2.8 Tracing Options
    resuming
      3.1.2.2.4 Resuming Options
    setting
      2.2.8 Setting POV-Ray Options
    text output
      3.1.2.7 Text Output
    tracing
      3.1.2.8 Tracing Options
orient
  3.4.7.5 Area Lights
  - light_source
      3.4.7 Light Sources
orientation
  3.5.12.6.5 Mapping using warps
  - warp
      3.5.12.6 Warps
orthographic
  3.3.1.2.2 Orthographic projection
  - camera
      3.3.1 Camera
Output
  - BMP
      3.1.2.4.1 Output File Type
    PNG
      3.1.2.4.1 Output File Type
    PPM
      3.1.2.4.1 Output File Type
    streams
      3.1.2.7.1 Text Streams
    system-specific
      3.1.2.4.1 Output File Type
    Targa, compressed
      3.1.2.4.1 Output File Type
    Targa, uncompressed
      3.1.2.4.1 Output File Type
Output File
  - placing in a default directory
      3.1.2.4.2 Output File Name
output formats
  3.1.2.4.1 Output File Type
Output_Alpha
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.4.1 Output File Type
Output_File_Name
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.4.2 Output File Name
Output_File_Type
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.4.1 Output File Type
Output_to_File
  3.1.2.4 File Output Options
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.4 File Output Options
Palette
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.3.1 Display Hardware Settings
panoramic
  3.3.1.2.6 Panoramic projection
  - camera
      3.3.1 Camera
parallel
  3.4.7.4 Parallel Lights
  - light_source
      3.4.7 Light Sources
      3.4.7.4 Parallel Lights
parametric
  3.4.5 Parametric Object
  - keyword
      3.4.5 Parametric Object
Parse_String
  3.7.16 strings.inc
pass_through
  3.6.3.2.2 Shooting Photons at an Object
Path
  - includ files
      3.1.2.5.4 Library Paths
pattern
  3.2.1.6.3 Declaring User-Defined Float Functions
  - agate
      3.5.11.1 Agate
    average
      3.5.11.2 Average
    boxed
      3.5.11.3 Boxed
    bozo
      3.5.11.4 Bozo
    brick
      3.5.11.5 Brick
    bumps
      3.5.11.6 Bumps
    cells
      3.5.11.7 Cells
    checker
      3.5.11.8 Checker
    crackle
      3.5.11.9 Crackle Patterns
    cylindrical
      3.5.11.10 Cylindrical
    density_file
      3.5.11.11 Density_File
    dents
      3.5.11.12 Dents
    facets
      3.5.11.13 Facets
    function
      3.5.11.15 Function as pattern
    function image
      3.5.11.16 Function Image
    gradient
      3.5.11.17 Gradient
    granite
      3.5.11.18 Granite
    hexagon
      3.5.11.19 Hexagon
    image_pattern
      3.5.11.20 Image Pattern
    julia
      3.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns
    leopard
      3.5.11.21 Leopard
    magnet
      3.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns
    mandel
      3.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns
    marble
      3.5.11.22 Marble
    object
      3.5.11.23 Object Pattern
    onion
      3.5.11.24 Onion
    pigment_pattern
      3.5.11.25 Pigment Pattern
    planar
      3.5.11.26 Planar
    quickref
      3.8.10.7 Pattern
    quilted
      3.5.11.27 Quilted
    radial
      3.5.11.28 Radial
    ripples
      3.5.11.29 Ripples
    slope
      3.5.11.30 Slope
    spherical
      3.5.11.31 Spherical
    spiral1
      3.5.11.32 Spiral1
    spiral2
      3.5.11.33 Spiral2
    spotted
      3.5.11.34 Spotted
    waves
      3.5.11.35 Waves
    wood
      3.5.11.36 Wood
    wrinkles
      3.5.11.37 Wrinkles
Pattern modifier
  - warp
      3.5.12.6 Warps
Pattern Modifiers
  - agate_turb
      3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
    brick_size
      3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
    control0
      3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
    control1
      3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
    cubic_wave
      3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
    frequency
      3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
    interpolate
      3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
    lambda
      3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
    mortar
      3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
    noise_generator
      3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
    octaves
      3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
    omega
      3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
    phase
      3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
    poly_wave
      3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
    quickref
      3.8.10.8 Pattern Modifiers
    ramp_wave
      3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
    scallop_wave
      3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
    sine_wave
      3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
    triangle_wave
      3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
    turbulence
      3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
    using
      2.3.4.1.3 Using Pattern Modifiers
    warp
      3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
patterned texture
  - quickref
      3.8.10.3 Patterned Texture
Patterns
  2.2.5.3 Creating Color Patterns
Pause_When_Done
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.3.3 Display Related Settings
perspective
  3.3.1.2.1 Perspective projection
  - camera
      3.3.1 Camera
Perturbation
  - camera ray
      3.3.1.4 Camera Ray Perturbation
pgm
  3.5.1.5.1 Specifying an Image Map
  - height_field
      3.4.1.5 Height Field
phase
  3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
  - pattern modifier
      3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
      3.5.12.2 Frequency and Phase
    tutorial
      2.3.8.3 The Phase Keyword
phong
  3.5.3.3.1 Phong Highlights
  - finish
      3.5.3 Finish
    tutorial
      2.3.4.3.2 Using Surface Highlights
phong_size
  3.5.3.3.1 Phong Highlights
  - finish
      3.5.3 Finish
photon
  - global_settings
      3.3.3 Global Settings
photons
  3.6.3.2.1 Photon Global Settings
  - dispersion
      3.6.3.5.3 Photons and Dispersion
    media
      3.6.3.2.1 Photon Global Settings
    quickref
      3.8.13.2 Photons
pi
  3.2.1.3.5 Built-in Constants
pigment
  3.5.1 Pigment
  - keyword
      3.5.1 Pigment
    quickref
      3.8.10.4 Pigment
    tutorial
      2.3.4.1 Pigments
Pigment and Patterns
  - using
      2.3.4.1.2 Using Pigment and Patterns
Pigment Maps
  - using
      2.3.4.1.5 Using Pigment Maps
    working with
      2.3.4.4 Working With Pigment Maps
pigment_map
  3.5.1.4 Pigment Maps and Pigment Lists
  - average
      3.5.11.2 Average
    pigment
      3.5.1 Pigment
    tutorial
      2.3.4.1.5 Using Pigment Maps
pigment_pattern
  3.5.11.25 Pigment Pattern
  - keyword
      3.5.11.25 Pigment Pattern
    pattern
      3.5.11.25 Pigment Pattern
Pigments
  - color list
      3.5.1.2 Color List Pigments
    color maps
      3.5.1.3 Color Maps
    pigment list
      3.5.1.4 Pigment Maps and Pigment Lists
    solid color
      3.5.1.1 Solid Color Pigments
Pitfalls
  - color
      3.2.1.5.5 Common Color Pitfalls
    CSG
      2.2.3.6 CSG Pitfalls
plain texture
  - quickref
      3.8.10.1 Plain Texture
planar
  3.5.11.26 Planar
  - keyword
      3.5.11.26 Planar
    pattern
      3.5.11.26 Planar
    warp
      3.5.12.6 Warps
      3.5.12.6.5 Mapping using warps
plane
  3.4.3.1 Plane
  - keyword
      3.4.3.1 Plane
    tutorial
      2.2.2.4 Plane Object
png
  3.5.1.5.1 Specifying an Image Map
  - height_field
      3.4.1.5 Height Field
PNG output
  3.1.2.4.1 Output File Type
point light
  - light_source
      3.4.7.1 Point Lights
point_at
  3.4.7.2 Spotlights
  - light_source
      3.4.7 Light Sources
    parallel
      3.4.7.4 Parallel Lights
    spotlight
      3.4.7.2 Spotlights
Point_At_Trans
  3.7.18 transforms.inc
Pointlight Source
  - the
      2.2.4.1 The Pointlight Source
poly
  3.4.3.2 Poly, Cubic and Quartic
  - keyword
      3.4.3.2 Poly, Cubic and Quartic
    tutorial
      2.3.3.4 Poly Object
poly_wave
  3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
  - pattern modifier
      3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
      3.5.12.3 Waveforms
polygon
  3.4.2.5 Polygon
  - keyword
      3.4.2.5 Polygon
    tutorial
      2.3.2.3 Polygon Object
Post_Frame_Command
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.6 Shell-out to Operating System
Post_Frame_Return
  3.1.2.6.3 Shell Command Return Actions
Post_Scene_Command
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.6 Shell-out to Operating System
Post_Scene_Return
  3.1.2.6.3 Shell Command Return Actions
pot
  3.4.1.5 Height Field
  - height_field
      3.4.1.5 Height Field
POV-Ray Legal Document
  2.5.1 POV-Ray User License
pov-ray license
  2.5.1 POV-Ray User License
POVINI environment variable
  2.2.8.3 Using the POVINI Environment Variable
POVLEGAL
  2.5.1 POV-Ray User License
POVLEGAL.DOC
  2.5.1 POV-Ray User License
POVRAYOPT environment variable
  2.2.8.3 Using the POVINI Environment Variable
pow
  3.2.1.3.4 Functions
ppm
  3.5.1.5.1 Specifying an Image Map
PPM output
  3.1.2.4.1 Output File Type
Pre_Frame_Command
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.6 Shell-out to Operating System
Pre_Frame_Return
  3.1.2.6.3 Shell Command Return Actions
Pre_Scene_Command
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.6 Shell-out to Operating System
Pre_Scene_Return
  3.1.2.6.3 Shell Command Return Actions
precision
  3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
  - julia_fractal
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
precompute
  3.4.5 Parametric Object
  - parametric
      3.4.5 Parametric Object
pretrace_end
  3.3.4.2.13 Pretrace
pretrace_start
  3.3.4.2.13 Pretrace
Preview_End_Size
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.3.4 Mosaic Preview
Preview_Start_Size
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.3.4 Mosaic Preview
prism
  3.4.1.8 Prism
  - keyword
      3.4.1.8 Prism
    tutorial
      2.3.1.3 Prism Object
prod
  3.2.1.6.1 Sum and Product functions
projected_through
  3.4.7.8 Projected_Through
  - light_source
      3.4.7 Light Sources
      3.4.7.8 Projected_Through
projection
  - cylindrical
      3.3.1.2.7 Cylindrical projection
    fisheye
      3.3.1.2.3 Fisheye projection
    omnimax
      3.3.1.2.5 Omnimax projection
    orthographic
      3.3.1.2.2 Orthographic projection
    panoramic
      3.3.1.2.6 Panoramic projection
    perspective
      3.3.1.2.1 Perspective projection
    spherical
      3.3.1.2.8 Spherical projection
    ultra_wide_angle
      3.3.1.2.4 Ultra wide angle projection
pwr
  3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
  - julia_fractal
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
Quad
  3.7.12.1 shapes.inc
quadratic_spline
  3.4.1.7 Lathe
  - lathe
      3.4.1.7 Lathe
    prism
      3.4.1.8 Prism
quadric
  3.4.3.3 Quadric
  - keyword
      3.4.3.3 Quadric
Quality
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.8.1 Quality Settings
quartic
  3.4.3.2 Poly, Cubic and Quartic
  - keyword
      3.4.3.2 Poly, Cubic and Quartic
quaternion
  3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
  - julia_fractal
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
Questions and Tips
  2.4 Questions and Tips
quick_color
  3.5.1.6 Quick Color
  - pigment
      3.5.1 Pigment
quick_colour
  3.5.1.6 Quick Color
  - pigment
      3.5.1 Pigment
quickref
  3.8 Quick Reference
  - arrays
      3.8.3.6 Arrays
    atmospheric effects
      3.8.12 Atmospheric Effects
    background
      3.8.12.1 Background
    bitmap
      3.8.10.8 Pattern Modifiers
    blend_map_modifiers
      3.8.10.8 Pattern Modifiers
    brick_item
      3.8.10.3 Patterned Texture
    camera
      3.8.6 Camera
    colors
      3.8.3.3 Colors
    conditional directives
      3.8.4.6 Control Flow Directives
    contents
      3.8.1 Quick Reference Contents
    csg objects
      3.8.8.6 CSG
    default texture
      3.8.4.4 Default Texture
    dot_item
      3.8.3.1 Floats
    embedded directives
      3.8.4.9 Embedded Directives
    file i/o
      3.8.4.3 File Input/Output
    file inclusion
      3.8.4.1 File Inclusion
    finish
      3.8.10.6 Finish
    finite patch objects
      3.8.8.2 Finite Patch Objects
    finite solid objects
      3.8.8.1 Finite Solid Objects
    floats
      3.8.3.1 Floats
    fog
      3.8.12.2 Fog
    function_invocation
      3.8.3.4 User defined Functions
    global settings
      3.8.13 Global Settings
    identifier declaration
      3.8.4.2 Identifier Declaration
    infinite solid objects
      3.8.8.3 Infinite Solid Objects
    interior
      3.8.9.3 Interior
    interior texture
      3.8.9.4 Interior Texture
    isosurface objects
      3.8.8.4 Isosurface
    language basics
      3.8.3 Language Basics
    language directives
      3.8.4 Language Directives
    layered texture
      3.8.10.2 Layered Texture
    lightgroup
      3.8.7.1 Lightgroup
    lights
      3.8.7 Lights
    list_object
      3.8.10.3 Patterned Texture
    logical_expression
      3.8.3.1 Floats
    macros
      3.8.4.8 Macro
    material
      3.8.9.2 Material
    media
      3.8.11 Media
    message streams
      3.8.4.7 Message Streams
    normal
      3.8.10.5 Normal
    object modifiers
      3.8.9 Object Modifiers
    objects
      3.8.8 Objects
    parametric objects
      3.8.8.5 Parametric
    pattern
      3.8.10.7 Pattern
    pattern modifiers
      3.8.10.8 Pattern Modifiers
    patterned texture
      3.8.10.3 Patterned Texture
    photons
      3.8.13.2 Photons
    pigment
      3.8.10.4 Pigment
    plain texture
      3.8.10.1 Plain Texture
    radiosity
      3.8.13.1 Radiosity
    rainbow
      3.8.12.4 Rainbow
    scene
      3.8.2 The Scene
    sky sphere
      3.8.12.3 Sky Sphere
    splines
      3.8.3.7 Splines
    strings
      3.8.3.5 Strings
    texture
      3.8.10 Texture
    transformations
      3.8.5 Transformations
    user-defined functions
      3.8.3.4 User defined Functions
    uv_mapping
      3.8.9.1 UV Mapping
    vectors
      3.8.3.2 Vectors
    version
      3.8.4.5 Version Identfier
quilted
  3.5.11.27 Quilted
  - keyword
      3.5.11.27 Quilted
    pattern
      3.5.11.27 Quilted
radial
  3.5.11.28 Radial
  - keyword
      3.5.11.28 Radial
    pattern
      3.5.11.28 Radial
radians
  3.2.1.3.4 Functions
Radiosity
  3.3.4 Radiosity
  - adjusting
      3.3.4.2 Adjusting Radiosity
    global_settings
      3.3.3 Global Settings
    how it works
      3.3.4.1 How Radiosity Works
    quickref
      3.8.13.1 Radiosity
    reference
      3.3.4 Radiosity
    tips
      3.3.4.3 Tips on Radiosity
    tutorial
      2.3.7 Radiosity
    with conventional lighting
      2.3.7.2 Radiosity with conventional lighting
    without conventional lighting
      2.3.7.3 Radiosity without conventional lighting
Radiosity performance considerations
  2.3.7.5 Performance considerations
radius
  3.4.7.2 Spotlights
  - light_source
      3.4.7 Light Sources
      3.4.7.2 Spotlights
    photons
      3.6.3.2.1 Photon Global Settings
Rainbow
  3.3.2.5 Rainbow
  - increasing translucency of
      2.3.5.4.2 Increasing the Rainbow's Translucency
    keyword
      3.3.2.5 Rainbow
    quickref
      3.8.12.4 Rainbow
    simple
      2.3.5.4.1 Starting With a Simple Rainbow
    the
      2.3.5.4 The Rainbow
    tutorial
      2.3.5.4 The Rainbow
    using an arc
      2.3.5.4.3 Using a Rainbow Arc
ramp_wave
  3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
  - pattern modifier
      3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
      3.5.12.3 Waveforms
rand
  3.2.1.3.4 Functions
Rand_Array_Item
  3.7.1 arrays.inc
Rand_Bernoulli
  3.7.11.2.3 Discrete Distributions
Rand_Beta
  3.7.11.2.2 Continuous Skewed Distributions
Rand_Binomial
  3.7.11.2.3 Discrete Distributions
Rand_Cauchy
  3.7.11.2.1 Continuous Symmetric Distributions
Rand_Chi_Square
  3.7.11.2.2 Continuous Skewed Distributions
Rand_Erlang
  3.7.11.2.2 Continuous Skewed Distributions
Rand_Exp
  3.7.11.2.2 Continuous Skewed Distributions
Rand_F_Dist
  3.7.11.2.2 Continuous Skewed Distributions
Rand_Gamma
  3.7.11.2.2 Continuous Skewed Distributions
Rand_Gauss
  3.7.11.2.1 Continuous Symmetric Distributions
Rand_Geo
  3.7.11.2.3 Discrete Distributions
Rand_Lognormal
  3.7.11.2.2 Continuous Skewed Distributions
Rand_Normal
  3.7.11.2.1 Continuous Symmetric Distributions
Rand_Pareto
  3.7.11.2.2 Continuous Skewed Distributions
Rand_Poisson
  3.7.11.2.3 Discrete Distributions
Rand_Spline
  3.7.11.2.2 Continuous Skewed Distributions
Rand_Student
  3.7.11.2.1 Continuous Symmetric Distributions
Rand_Tri
  3.7.11.2.2 Continuous Skewed Distributions
Rand_Weibull
  3.7.11.2.2 Continuous Skewed Distributions
range
  3.2.2.6.3 The #switch, #case, #range and #break Directives
ratio
  3.6.2.2 Sampling Parameters & Methods
  - media
      3.6.2 Media
Ray-Tracing
  - what is
      2.1.2 What is Ray-Tracing?
read
  3.2.2.3.3 The #read Directive
reciprocal
  3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
  - julia_fractal
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
recursion_limit
  3.3.4.2.14 recursion_limit
red
  3.2.1.5.2 Color Keywords
redirecting stream output
  3.1.2.7.3 Directing Text Streams to Files
refelection
  - metallic
      3.5.3.4 Specular Reflection
reference
  2.5.3 Citing POV-Ray in Academic Publications
Reflection
  3.5.3.4 Specular Reflection
  - exponent
      3.5.3.4 Specular Reflection
    falloff
      3.5.3.4 Specular Reflection
    using
      2.3.4.3.3 Using Reflection, Metallic and Metallic
reflection_exponent
  3.5.3.4 Specular Reflection
refraction
  3.6.3.2.1 Photon Global Settings
Remove_Bounds
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.8.3 Removing User Bounding
render
  3.2.2.7.1 Text Message Streams
Render_Console
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.7.2 Console Text Output
Render_File
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.7.3 Directing Text Streams to Files
Reorient_Trans
  3.7.18 transforms.inc
repeat
  3.5.12.6.2 Repeat Warp
  - warp
      3.5.12.6 Warps
Resize_Array
  3.7.1 arrays.inc
Resolution
  3.1.2.2.1 Height and Width of Output
Reverse_Array
  3.7.1 arrays.inc
rgb
  3.2.1.5.1 Color Vectors
rgbf
  3.2.1.5.1 Color Vectors
rgbft
  3.2.1.5.1 Color Vectors
rgbt
  3.2.1.5.1 Color Vectors
right
  3.3.1.1.5 Up and Right Vectors
  - camera
      3.3.1 Camera
Right-Handed coordinate system
  2.2.1.1 Understanding POV-Ray's Coordinate System
ripples
  3.5.11.29 Ripples
  - keyword
      3.5.11.29 Ripples
    pattern
      3.5.11.29 Ripples
rotate
  3.8.5 Transformations
Rotate_Around_Trans
  3.7.18 transforms.inc
roughness
  3.5.3.3.2 Specular Highlight
  - finish
      3.5.3 Finish
Round_Box_Union
  3.7.12.1 shapes.inc
Round_Cone2_Union
  3.7.12.1 shapes.inc
Round_Cone3_Union
  3.7.12.1 shapes.inc
Round_Cone_Union
  3.7.12.1 shapes.inc
Round_Cylinder_Union
  3.7.12.1 shapes.inc
RRand
  3.7.11.1 Flat Distributions
samples
  3.6.2.2 Sampling Parameters & Methods
  - media
      3.6.2 Media
Sampling_Method
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.8.4 Anti-Aliasing Options
save_file
  3.3.4.2.15 Save and load radiosity data
  - photons
      3.6.3.2.1 Photon Global Settings
    radiosity
      3.3.4.2.15 Save and load radiosity data
scale
  3.8.5 Transformations
scallop_wave
  3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
  - pattern modifier
      3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
      3.5.12.3 Waveforms
scattering
  3.6.2.1.3 Scattering
  - media
      3.6.2 Media
scene
  - description language
      3.2 Scene Description Language
    quickref
      3.8.2 The Scene
Scene Description Language
  3.2 Scene Description Language
Search Path
  3.1.2.5.4 Library Paths
seed
  3.2.1.3.4 Functions
select
  3.2.1.3.4 Functions
SetGradientAccuracy
  3.7.9.3 Vector Analysis
Settings
  - global
      3.3.3 Global Settings
sgn
  3.7.9.1 Float functions and macros
shadowless
  3.4.7.6 Shadowless Lights
  - light_source
      3.4.7 Light Sources
      3.4.7.6 Shadowless Lights
Shadowless Lights
  - using
      2.2.4.6.1 Using Shadowless Lights
Shapes
  - basic
      2.2.2 Basic Shapes
    other
      2.3.3 Other Shapes
    polygon based
      2.3.2 Polygon Based Shapes
    spline based
      2.3.1 Spline Based Shapes
Shear_Trans
  3.7.18 transforms.inc
sin
  3.2.1.3.4 Functions
  - julia
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
    julia_fractal
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
sind
  3.7.9.1 Float functions and macros
sine_wave
  3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
  - pattern modifier
      3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
      3.5.12.3 Waveforms
sinh
  3.2.1.3.4 Functions
  - julia
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
    julia_fractal
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
size
  3.5.11.13 Facets
  - facets
      3.5.11.13 Facets
Sky
  3.3.1.1.2 The Sky Vector
  - camera
      3.3.1 Camera
    with a color gradient
      2.3.5.2.1 Creating a Sky with a Color Gradient
Sky Sphere
  - quickref
      3.8.12.3 Sky Sphere
    the
      2.3.5.2 The Sky Sphere
sky_sphere
  3.3.2.4 Sky Sphere
  - keyword
      3.3.2.4 Sky Sphere
    tutorial
      2.3.5.2 The Sky Sphere
slice
  3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
slope
  3.5.11.30 Slope
  - keyword
      3.5.11.30 Slope
    pattern
      3.5.11.30 Slope
slope_map
  3.5.2.1 Slope Maps
  - normal
      3.5.2 Normal
smooth
  3.4.1.5 Height Field
  - height_field
      3.4.1.5 Height Field
smooth_triangle
  3.4.2.6 Triangle and Smooth Triangle
  - keyword
      3.4.2.6 Triangle and Smooth Triangle
    mesh
      3.4.2.3 Mesh
solid
  3.5.11.9 Crackle Patterns
  - crackle
      3.5.11.9 Crackle Patterns
solid triangle mesh
  3.4.2.3.1 Solid Mesh
sor
  3.4.1.12 Surface of Revolution
  - keyword
      3.4.1.12 Surface of Revolution
    tutorial
      2.3.1.2 Surface of Revolution Object
Sort_Array
  3.7.1 arrays.inc
Sort_Compare
  3.7.1 arrays.inc
Sort_Partial_Array
  3.7.1 arrays.inc
Sort_Swap_Data
  3.7.1 arrays.inc
spacing
  3.6.3.2.1 Photon Global Settings
spacing_multiplier
  3.6.3.2.2 Shooting Photons at an Object
Special Textures
  - limitations of
      2.3.4.12 Limitations Of Special Textures
specular
  3.5.3.3.2 Specular Highlight
  - finish
      3.5.3 Finish
sphere
  3.4.1.9 Sphere
  - blob
      3.4.1.1 Blob
    blob component
      3.4.1.1 Blob
    keyword
      3.4.1.9 Sphere
sphere_sweep
  3.4.1.10 Sphere Sweep
  - keyword
      3.4.1.10 Sphere Sweep
    tutorial
      2.3.1.4 Sphere Sweep Object
spherical
  3.5.11.31 Spherical
  - camera
      3.3.1 Camera
    keyword
      3.5.11.31 Spherical
    pattern
      3.5.11.31 Spherical
    projection
      3.3.1.2.8 Spherical projection
    warp
      3.5.12.6 Warps
      3.5.12.6.5 Mapping using warps
Spheroid
  3.7.12.1 shapes.inc
spiral
  3.5.11.32 Spiral1
spiral1
  3.5.11.32 Spiral1
  - keyword
      3.5.11.32 Spiral1
    pattern
      3.5.11.32 Spiral1
spiral2
  3.5.11.33 Spiral2
  - keyword
      3.5.11.33 Spiral2
    pattern
      3.5.11.33 Spiral2
Spline
  3.2.1.9 Spline Identifiers
  - new tricks
      2.3.1.3.1 Teaching An Old Spline New Tricks
    quickref
      3.8.3.7 Splines
spline_trans
  3.7.18 transforms.inc
Splines
  - quickref
      3.8.3.7 Splines
    understanding the concept of
      2.3.1.1.1 Understanding The Concept of Splines
    vs. macros
      3.2.1.9.1 Splines and Macros
split_union
  - union
      3.4.6.2.1 Split_Union
Split_Unions
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.8.3 Removing User Bounding
spotlight
  - light_source
      3.4.7 Light Sources
      3.4.7.2 Spotlights
Spotlight Source
  - the
      2.2.4.2 The Spotlight Source
spotted
  3.5.11.34 Spotted
  - keyword
      3.5.11.34 Spotted
    pattern
      3.5.11.34 Spotted
sqr
  3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
  - julia_fractal
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
sqrt
  3.2.1.3.4 Functions
SRand
  3.7.11.1 Flat Distributions
Standard Include Files
  - adding
      2.2.1.2 Adding Standard Include Files
Star_Ptrn
  3.7.17.7 Texture and pattern macros
Start_Column
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.2.2 Partial Output Options
Start_Row
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.2.2 Partial Output Options
Statistic_Console
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.7.2 Console Text Output
Statistic_File
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.7.3 Directing Text Streams to Files
statistics
  3.2.2.7.1 Text Message Streams
Std_Dev
  3.7.9.1 Float functions and macros
str
  3.2.1.7.3 String Functions
  - strings.inc
      3.7.16 strings.inc
strcmp
  3.2.1.3.4 Functions
streams
  3.1.2.7.1 Text Streams
  - redirecting
      3.1.2.7.3 Directing Text Streams to Files
strength
  3.4.1.1 Blob
  - black_hole warp
      3.5.12.6.1 Black Hole Warp
    blob
      3.4.1.1 Blob
    warp
      3.5.12.6 Warps
String
  - functions
      3.2.1.7.3 String Functions
    identifiers
      3.2.1.7.2 String Identifiers
    literals
      3.2.1.7.1 String Literals
    quickref
      3.8.3.5 Strings
String Literals
  3.2.1.7.1 String Literals
Strings
  3.2.1.7 Strings
  - quickref
      3.8.3.5 Strings
strlen
  3.2.1.3.4 Functions
strlwr
  3.2.1.7.3 String Functions
strupr
  3.2.1.7.3 String Functions
sturm
  3.4.9.9 Sturm
  - blob
      3.4.1.1 Blob
    lathe
      3.4.1.7 Lathe
    object modifier
      3.4.9.9 Sturm
    poly
      3.4.3.2 Poly, Cubic and Quartic
    prism
      3.4.1.8 Prism
    sor
      3.4.1.12 Surface of Revolution
    torus
      3.4.1.14 Torus
Subset_End_Frame
  3.1.2.1.3 Subsets of Animation Frames
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.1.3 Subsets of Animation Frames
Subset_Start_Frame
  3.1.2.1.3 Subsets of Animation Frames
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.1.3 Subsets of Animation Frames
substr
  3.2.1.7.3 String Functions
sum
  3.2.1.6.1 Sum and Product functions
sunpos
  3.7.20.6 sunpos.inc
Supercone
  3.7.12.1 shapes.inc
superellipsoid
  3.4.1.11 Superquadric Ellipsoid
  - keyword
      3.4.1.11 Superquadric Ellipsoid
    tutorial
      2.3.3.5 Superquadric Ellipsoid Object
superquadric
  3.4.1.11 Superquadric Ellipsoid
Supertorus
  3.7.12.1 shapes.inc
Support Library Licenses
  2.5.2 Support Library Licences
Surface Highlights
  - using
      2.3.4.3.2 Using Surface Highlights
Surfaces
  - co-incident
      2.2.3.6.1 Co-incident Surfaces
switch
  3.2.2.6.3 The #switch, #case, #range and #break Directives
Switches
  - command-line
      2.2.8.1 Command Line Switches
sys
  3.3.3.6 Charset
  - global_settings
      3.3.3 Global Settings
    height_field
      3.4.1.5 Height Field
    image_map
      3.5.1.5.1 Specifying an Image Map
System-specific output
  3.1.2.4.1 Output File Type
t
  3.2.1.4.3 Operators
tan
  3.2.1.3.4 Functions
  - julia
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
    julia_fractal
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
tand
  3.7.9.1 Float functions and macros
tanh
  3.2.1.3.4 Functions
  - julia
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
    julia_fractal
      3.4.1.6 Julia Fractal
Tapering Conic Sweeps
  2.3.1.3.4 Conic Sweeps And The Tapering Effect
Targa output
  - compressed
      3.1.2.4.1 Output File Type
    uncompressed
      3.1.2.4.1 Output File Type
target
  3.6.3.2.2 Shooting Photons at an Object
Test_Abort
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.2.3 Interrupting Options
Test_Abort_Count
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.2.3 Interrupting Options
text
  3.4.1.13 Text
  - keyword
      3.4.1.13 Text
    tutorial
      2.3.1.6 Text Object
text streams
  3.1.2.7.1 Text Streams
Text_Space
  3.7.12.1 shapes.inc
Text_Width
  3.7.12.1 shapes.inc
texture
  3.5 Textures
  - keyword
      3.5 Textures
    layered, quickref
      3.8.10.2 Layered Texture
    patterned, quickref
      3.8.10.3 Patterned Texture
    plain, quickref
      3.8.10.1 Plain Texture
    quickref
      3.8.10 Texture
Texture Maps
  - working with
      2.3.4.6 Working With Texture Maps
Texture Options
  - advanced
      2.3.4 Advanced Texture Options
    simple
      2.2.5 Simple Texture Options
texture-list
  3.4.2.4 Mesh2
texture_list
  3.5.8 Triangle Texture Interpolation
  - keyword
      3.5.8 Triangle Texture Interpolation
    mesh
      3.4.2.3 Mesh
    mesh2
      3.4.2.4 Mesh2
texture_map
  3.5.5.1 Texture Maps
  - texture
      3.5 Textures
    tutorial
      2.3.4.6 Working With Texture Maps
Textures
  - default
      3.2.2.4 The #default Directive
    pre-defined
      2.2.5.4 Pre-defined Textures
tga
  3.5.1.5.1 Specifying an Image Map
  - height_field
      3.4.1.5 Height Field
The Left-Handed coordinate system
  2.2.1.1 Understanding POV-Ray's Coordinate System
The scene
  - quickref
      3.8.2 The Scene
thickness
  3.5.3.6 Iridescence
  - finish
      3.5.3 Finish
Thin-Film Interference
  2.3.4.3.4 Using Iridescence
threshold
  3.4.1.1 Blob
  - blob
      3.4.1.1 Blob
    isosurface
      3.4.4 Isosurface Object
tiff
  3.5.1.5.1 Specifying an Image Map
  - height_field
      3.4.1.5 Height Field
tightness
  3.4.7.2 Spotlights
  - light_source
      3.4.7 Light Sources
tile2
  3.5.5.2 Tiles
Tiles
  3.5.5.2 Tiles
  - what about
      2.3.4.8 What About Tiles?
Tiles_Ptrn
  3.7.17.7 Texture and pattern macros
tolerance
  3.4.1.10 Sphere Sweep
  - sphere_sweep
      3.4.1.10 Sphere Sweep
toroidal
  3.5.12.6.5 Mapping using warps
  - warp
      3.5.12.6 Warps
      3.5.12.6.5 Mapping using warps
torus
  3.4.1.14 Torus
  - keyword
      3.4.1.14 Torus
    tutorial
      2.2.2.5 Torus Object
trace
  3.2.1.4.5 Functions
transform
  3.8.5 Transformations
transformations
  - quickref
      3.8.5 Transformations
translate
  3.8.5 Transformations
transmit
  3.2.1.5 Specifying Colors
  - bitmap modifier
      3.5.1.5.2 The Filter and Transmit Bitmap Modifiers
Transparent Pigments
  - using
      2.3.4.1.4 Using Transparent Pigments and Layered Textures
triangle
  3.4.2.6 Triangle and Smooth Triangle
  - keyword
      3.4.2.6 Triangle and Smooth Triangle
    mesh
      3.4.2.3 Mesh
Triangle_Str
  3.7.16 strings.inc
triangle_wave
  3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
  - pattern modifier
      3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
true
  3.2.1.3.5 Built-in Constants
ttf
  3.4.1.13 Text
  - text
      3.4.1.13 Text
turb_depth
  3.3.2.3 Fog
  - fog
      3.3.2.3 Fog
turbulence
  3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
  - finish
      3.5.3 Finish
    fog
      3.3.2.3 Fog
    irid
      3.5.3.6 Iridescence
    pattern modifier
      3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
    tutorial
      2.3.4.1.3 Using Pattern Modifiers
    warp
      3.5.12.6 Warps
      3.5.12.6.3 Turbulence versus Turbulence Warp
type
  3.4.2.1 Bicubic Patch
  - bicubic_patch
      3.4.2.1 Bicubic Patch
u
  3.2.1.4.3 Operators
u_steps
  3.4.2.1 Bicubic Patch
  - bicubic_patch
      3.4.2.1 Bicubic Patch
ultra_wide_angle
  3.3.1.2.4 Ultra wide angle projection
  - camera
      3.3.1 Camera
undef
  3.2.2.2.4 Destroying Identifiers with #undef
Union
  3.4.6.2 Union
  - CSG
      2.2.3.2 CSG Union
    keyword
      3.4.6.2 Union
    tutorial
      2.2.3.2 CSG Union
up
  3.3.1.1.5 Up and Right Vectors
  - camera
      3.3.1 Camera
    fog
      3.3.2.3 Fog
    rainbow
      3.3.2.5 Rainbow
use_alpha
  3.5.11.20 Image Pattern
  - image_pattern
      3.5.11.20 Image Pattern
use_color
  3.5.2.3.3 Use_Index and Use_Color
use_colour
  3.5.2.3.3 Use_Index and Use_Color
use_index
  3.5.2.3.3 Use_Index and Use_Color
user license
  2.5.1 POV-Ray User License
user-defined functions
  - quickref
      3.8.3.4 User defined Functions
User_Abort_Command
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.6 Shell-out to Operating System
User_Abort_Return
  3.1.2.6.3 Shell Command Return Actions
Using POV-Ray for Unix
  1.1 Introduction
utf8
  3.3.3.6 Charset
  - global_settings
      3.3.3 Global Settings
uv_indices
  3.4.2.4 Mesh2
  - mesh2
      3.4.2.4 Mesh2
uv_mapping
  3.5.7 UV Mapping
  - quickref
      3.8.9.1 UV Mapping
uv_vectors
  3.4.2.4 Mesh2
  - mesh
      3.4.2.3 Mesh
    mesh2
      3.4.2.4 Mesh2
v
  3.2.1.4.3 Operators
v_steps
  3.4.2.1 Bicubic Patch
  - bicubic_patch
      3.4.2.1 Bicubic Patch
val
  3.2.1.3.4 Functions
VAngle
  3.7.9.2 Vector functions and macros
variable ior
  2.4.3.4 Can I specify variable IOR for an object?
variable reflection
  3.5.3.4 Specular Reflection
variance
  3.3.1.3 Focal Blur
  - camera
      3.3.1 Camera
    focal blur
      3.3.1.3 Focal Blur
    media
      3.6.2 Media
      3.6.2.2 Sampling Parameters & Methods
vaxis_rotate
  3.2.1.4.5 Functions
VCos_Angle
  3.7.9.2 Vector functions and macros
vcross
  3.2.1.4.5 Functions
vCurl
  3.7.9.3 Vector Analysis
VDist
  3.7.9.2 Vector functions and macros
vdot
  3.2.1.3.4 Functions
VDot5D
  3.7.9.2 Vector functions and macros
Vector
  3.2.1.4 Vector Expressions
  - built-in identifiers
      3.2.1.4.6 Built-in Constants
    color
      3.2.1.5.1 Color Vectors
    expressions
      3.2.1.4 Vector Expressions
    functions
      3.2.1.4.5 Functions
    functions, user-defined
      3.2.1.6.4 Declaring User-Defined Vector Functions
    identifiers
      3.2.1.4.2 Identifiers
    literals
      3.2.1.4.1 Literals
    operators
      3.2.1.4.3 Operators
Vectors
  - direction
      3.3.1.1.4 The Direction Vector
    sky
      3.3.1.1.2 The Sky Vector
VEq
  3.7.9.2 Vector functions and macros
VEq5D
  3.7.9.2 Vector functions and macros
Verbose
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.3.3 Display Related Settings
Version
  3.2.2.5 The #version Directive
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.5.5 Language Version
    quickref
      3.8.4.5 Version Identfier
version identfier
  - quickref
      3.8.4.5 Version Identfier
vertex_vectors
  3.4.2.4 Mesh2
  - mesh2
      3.4.2.4 Mesh2
VFAQ
  2.4 Questions and Tips
vGradient
  3.7.9.3 Vector Analysis
Video_Mode
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.3.1 Display Hardware Settings
Vista_Buffer
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.8.2 Automatic Bounding Control
vlength
  3.2.1.3.4 Functions
VLength5D
  3.7.9.2 Vector functions and macros
VMin
  3.7.9.2 Vector functions and macros
vnormalize
  3.2.1.4.5 Functions
VNormalize5D
  3.7.9.2 Vector functions and macros
VPerp_Adjust
  3.7.9.2 Vector functions and macros
VPerp_To_Plane
  3.7.9.2 Vector functions and macros
VPerp_To_Vector
  3.7.9.2 Vector functions and macros
VPow
  3.7.9.2 Vector functions and macros
VPow5D
  3.7.9.2 Vector functions and macros
VProject_Axis
  3.7.9.2 Vector functions and macros
VProject_Plane
  3.7.9.2 Vector functions and macros
VRand
  3.7.11.1 Flat Distributions
VRand_In_Box
  3.7.11.1 Flat Distributions
VRand_In_Obj
  3.7.11.1 Flat Distributions
VRand_In_Sphere
  3.7.11.1 Flat Distributions
VRand_On_Sphere
  3.7.11.1 Flat Distributions
vrotate
  3.2.1.4.5 Functions
VRotation
  3.7.9.2 Vector functions and macros
VSqr
  3.7.9.2 Vector functions and macros
vstr
  3.2.1.7.3 String Functions
  - strings.inc
      3.7.16 strings.inc
VStr2D
  - long form
      3.7.16 strings.inc
    short form
      3.7.16 strings.inc
vtransform
  3.7.18 transforms.inc
vturbulence
  3.2.1.4.5 Functions
VWith_Len
  3.7.9.2 Vector functions and macros
VZero
  3.7.9.2 Vector functions and macros
VZero5D
  3.7.9.2 Vector functions and macros
warning
  3.2.2.7.1 Text Message Streams
  - debug.inc
      3.7.5 debug.inc
Warning_Console
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.7.2 Console Text Output
Warning_File
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.7.3 Directing Text Streams to Files
Warning_Level
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.7.4 Warning Level
warp
  3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
  - cylindrical
      3.5.12.6.5 Mapping using warps
    falloff
      3.5.12.6.1 Black Hole Warp
    keyword
      3.5.12.6 Warps
    pattern modifier
      3.5.12.6 Warps
      3.5.12 Pattern Modifiers
    planar
      3.5.12.6.5 Mapping using warps
    spherical
      3.5.12.6.5 Mapping using warps
    toroidal
      3.5.12.6.5 Mapping using warps
water_level
  3.4.1.5 Height Field
  - height_field
      3.4.1.5 Height Field
waves
  3.5.11.35 Waves
  - keyword
      3.5.11.35 Waves
    pattern
      3.5.11.35 Waves
Wedge
  3.7.12.1 shapes.inc
while
  3.2.2.6.4 The #while...#end Directive
Width
  3.3.2.5 Rainbow
  - ini-option
      3.1.2.2.1 Height and Width of Output
    rainbow
      3.3.2.5 Rainbow
Wire_Box_Union
  3.7.12.1 shapes.inc
wood
  3.5.11.36 Wood
  - keyword
      3.5.11.36 Wood
    pattern
      3.5.11.36 Wood
wrinkles
  3.5.11.37 Wrinkles
  - keyword
      3.5.11.37 Wrinkles
    pattern
      3.5.11.37 Wrinkles
write
  3.2.2.3.4 The #write Directive
x
  3.2.1.4.3 Operators
y
  3.2.1.4.3 Operators
yes
  3.2.1.3.5 Built-in Constants
z
  3.2.1.4.3 Operators